We located a studentized deleted residual value over 3, which was filtered out, and the regression analysis was run again. , & American School Counselor Association Perceived stress was also strongly positively related to burnout. Recognizing stressful counseling experiences and learning how to effectively respond are critical areas of foci because unmanaged emotional stress responses can increase the risk of empathic occupational hazards, identity confusion, and counselor impairment (ACA, 2014; Barlow & Phelan, 2007; Maslach, 2003; Stamm, 2010; Stebnicki, 2008). Litz, B. T. (2020). Tansella, M. (2017) another group of U.S.-based authors, examined IPC barriers that occurred across the mental health professions, including psychiatry, psychology, psychiatric nursing, counseling, and marriage and family therapy. Lee, S. M. Difficulties may arise in interdisciplinary settings given the many unique professional knowledge bases, skills, and identities among team members who come from diverse training backgrounds. Thus, professional counselors in this study who reported higher levels of stress were more likely to experience burnout, whereas those with higher levels of resilience were less likely to experience burnout. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00014.x, Schofield, M. J. , Such knowledge and skills should be a critical part of helping professionals training curriculum and continued education as IPC is a regular part of their work. Upon approval by the institutional review board, recruitment emails were sent through professional counseling electronic mailing lists (i.e., ACA divisions and CESNETL) and posted on the American School Counselor Association Scene forum (American School Counselor Association, 2020). Bae, S. (2019). . Power-sharing, especially when collaborators believe that Western counseling is the benchmark, and lack of mental health research funding in these nations may further limit collaboration opportunities (Morgan-Consoli et al. , Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Stokols (2006) identified challenges include conflicts among disciplinary/professional views and/or worldviews, lack of informal social ties, unrealistic expectations of project scope, ambiguity of goals, tensions from competing stakeholder agendas, macro-organization coordination/dedication of energy, geographic dispersion and/or reliance on technology, and process factors that contribute to inertia during collaboration. Schnurr, P. P. , We located four studentized deleted residual values over 3, which were filtered out, and the regression analysis was run again. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00066.x, Mellin, E. A., Hunt, B., & Nichols, L. M. (2011). , & Qiao, M. endobj
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Whereas compassion fatigue is characterized by feelings of deep empathy and sorrow for those who suffer (Stamm, 2002), burnout refers to the overall diminished capacity to care (Rossi et al., 2012). Supervision is important and necessary for the development of new counselors. Wen, H. Lee, Y. Competent counselors should be able to play an effective role in counseling multicultural clients, adhering to social justice, discerning the clients' true problems, selecting and implementing interventions, and reduc-ing recidivism. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency. Effective therapy with Black women - American Psychological Association Foster-Fishman et al. (2001) presented an integrative framework of collaboration rooted in member capacity, relational capacity, organizational capacity, and programmatic capacity. , & Lord, M. Counseling in Zimbabwe: History, current status, and future trends. For the internationalization of counseling to take place, leading to establishment and advancement, the counseling profession needs to engage in interdisciplinary collaboration. Abstract. Many participants indicated working at a private practice setting (n = 52, 32.3%), as well as at community mental health organizations (n = 38, 23.6%) and K12 educational settings (n = 35, 21.7%). (2009). so they can collaboratively help to improve the welfare of clients and communities. Peer collaboration: A model to support counsellor selfcare, Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy. https://www.hkier.cuhk.edu.hk/journal/document/AJC/ajc_v18n1-2_1-14.pdf, Zanska, S. A., Brasfield, M., Landry, M., Taylor, L. C., Delavega, E., & Neely-Barnes, S. (2022). Including behavioral health providers and professional counselors in IPC helps ensure clients are provided better quality care and more holistic care (Johnson & Mahan, 2019, p. 637) and receive equitable health care by attending to discrepancies within the healthcare system (Vogel et al., 2014). International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(1), 140153. Litam, S. D. A. Harrichand, J. S. <>
Further, trainees should also learn about professional leadership and advocacy skills so they can be equipped to advocate for themselves for equitable inclusion in IPC settings. Therefore, we were interested in exploring factors on the total scores of the ProQOL as well as on the individual CS, BO, and STS subscales. Rosenbloom, D. J. , & Cohen, S. Career counselors, especially those that charge clients for their services, tend to get many clients who are difficult to place; that is they have a hard time landing a job, usually some. To prevent burnout, professional counselors must identify and honor personal and professional boundaries (Coaston, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-005-8200-1, Alvarez, C. M., & Lee, S. (2012). Developing strategies to collaborate, and particularly to address such interprofessional conflict, seems urgent for the protection of clients from harm in clinical IPC. (2010). Though the knowledge base on IPC in counseling is rather small, counselors can draw on what is available from social sciences on the subject with caution, however, as the extant knowledge base primarily comes from Western scholars. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.36.2.5312041n10767k51, World Health Organization (2010). , Marx, B. P. Knowledge on how collaborative activity should operate does not, however, prevent counselors from experiencing challenges and barriers to being included and valued in interdisciplinary settings. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.36.4.g47567602327j510, Johnson, K. F., & Mahan, L. (2019). , An Ethics Challenge for School Counselors review of the literature indicates several common ethical challenges faced by school counselors. The challenges are some clients were unable to express themselves, maybe in fear, in anxiety and totally depended on counselors for understanding, support and accurate answers to their problem Egan (2012). Many also regularly hear clients express prejudice about other groups during treatment. For example, continuous exposure to COVID19related media may further exacerbate related stress and contribute to secondary trauma (Torales et al., 2020). Stamm (2010) also shared how to interpret scores from individual subscales and how to interpret scale scores in combination. When clinically challenging situations arise, taking time to acknowledge client difficulties as a natural part of the therapeutic process may be an effective strategy to mitigate stress (Macdonald & MellorClark, 2015; NissenLie et al., 2017). The allencompassing experience of burnout necessitates special consideration for professional counselors providing services during the pandemic. , Journal of Evidence-based Social Work, 19, 314330. Participants identified as female (n = 135, 83.9%); male (n = 24, 14.9%); and transgender, genderqueer, or nonbinary (n = 2, 1.2%). (2007). English, A. During times of national crises, professional counselors are encouraged to attend to their interpersonal relationships, including those with partners, friends, and family. PubMed Grier, T. L. (2020) conducted consensual qualitative research among a sample of 13 counselors and identified client characteristics (i.e., unpredictability, manipulative, and impulsive), relationship dynamics (i.e., countertransference, intensity, and counselorclient match), counselor response (i.e., coping and questioning professional judgment and efficacy), and personal versus professional self as factors that contributed to interpersonal stress. (2020). One possible explanation for this finding may be that professional counselors providing services during the COVID19 pandemic may be exhibiting resilience by conceptualizing their work as an opportunity to empower clients who are in need of support, thus fostering a greater sense of purpose. Providing disaster mental health counseling may also increase counselor stress in ways that contribute to empathic occupational hazards. Sheperis, C. The authors attributed the interdisciplinary training challenges they experienced throughout the process to siloed training models, discipline-specific orientation, values, and attitudes. Counselors are further encouraged to promote selfawareness by seeking their own personal counseling, consultation, and supervision and/or to seek support from colleagues, supervisors, and peers to validate their experiences and process the challenges of providing services during a pandemic. The IPEC competencies were developed to promote and facilitate interprofessional communication across health professions. Lee, S. 1 Pratt, A. C. Instead, from an advocacy perspective, we hope our paper will help spark larger conversations, research, and excitement about efforts to promote professional growth locally and globally. The ProQOL has three subscales: CS (internal consistency = .88), BO (internal consistency = .75), and STS (internal consistency = .81; Stamm, 2010). The industry itself has grown so much that everything from finding new work to retaining clients is becoming harder. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00142.x, Stokols, D. (2006). Litam, S. D. A. , & The IPC that Okech and Gerosky discussed included counseling graduate students and faculty, social workers, nurses, as well as internal/family medicine doctors. Compassion fatigue and psychological distress among social workers: A validation study. The results from our third multiple regression analysis (Hypothesis 3) indicate that perceived stress and resilience are both strong predictors of burnout. (2020). The findings from our study supplement the extant body of research that establishes the importance of cultivating resilience and fostering coping strategies to decrease burnout, increase professional work experiences (Lawson & Myers, 2011), and mitigate the effects of compassion fatigue (SadlerGerhardt & Stevenson, 2012) and vicarious trauma (Trippany et al., 2004) among professional counselors. Cultivating resilience reflects active decisions that orient individuals toward wellness and health. These services expanded over time to become professional practices that include mental health counseling. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. This study used a national sample of professional counselors ( N = 161) providing services during the COVID19 pandemic to examine the extent to which perceived stress, coping response, resilience, and posttraumatic stress predict burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction. To test Hypothesis 2, we used a standard multiple regression analysis. PSS was significantly correlated with RS (r = .54, p < .001) and PCL5 (r = .66, p < .001). , Google Scholar, Aluede, O., McEachern, A. G., & Kenny, M. C. (2005). Carter et al. , , , & The unstandardized regression coefficients suggest that for each 1point increase in posttraumatic stress scores, there was a .21point increase in ProQOL total scores. Palo Alto University, 3 , & Counseling Challenges: Working With Older Clients and Caregivers Xu, Y. , & This can include any time you faced a struggle or found a solution for a particular problem. If a counselor cannot remain objective, this may affect the quality of the counseling relationship and has the potential to harm the client.The 2014 ethics code prohibits engaging in counseling relationships with family members with whom the counselor cannot remain objective. Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation. This paper represents an attempt to advocate for greater recognition and inclusion of counselors as integral members of socio-emotional wellness treatment teams in their respective communities. Christensen, H. Compassion satisfaction arises from activities that result in a sense of satisfaction from working with clients (Figley, 1995). 1 0 obj
, https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000500, International Association for Counselling. Zhou, Q. PDF Interdisciplinary Collaboration Challenges Faced by Counselors in , Int J Adv Counselling 45, 155169 (2023). Bray, B. The majority of our participants identified their racial and/or ethnic identities as White, followed by Black or African American, which is similar to the national demographics of U.S. professional counselors in 2017 (Data USA, n.d.). , Only robust findings from our study were presented to avoid restating findings with small effects. Hellman, I. D. Mermelstein, R. https://doi.org/10.1080/26408066.2022.2049944, Counselor Education Program, Oregon State University, 104 Furman Hall, 97331, Corvallis, OR, USA, Department of Counseling, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA, Counseling@Northwestern, The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, USA, Clinical Mental Health Counseling Program, Bushnell University, Eugene, USA, Department of Leadership, School Counseling & Sport Management, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, USA, Center for Student & Academic Success, Hudson County Community College, New Jersey, USA, You can also search for this author in %PDF-1.7
Client Can Be A Tough Nut To Crack Clients that are facing high mental pressure prove to be challenging. The setting up of clear cut boundaries in the therapeutic relationship. Because counseling practice environment varies widely across the world due to contextual factors (e.g., existence of counseling practice licensure, professional advocacy resources, the stages of development of the profession, and unique socio-cultural-political factors), we select to focus our discussion on issues more relevant to places where the counseling profession is in its early stages of development. Reducing inter- professional barriers affecting school-based family counseling. For example, counselors can participate in communityenriching practices such as sharing client success with colleagues in person and/or through online and virtual HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)compliant platforms. , Professional counselors who were not members of the organizations we chose did not participate in the study. Witte, T. K. As professional counseling gains traction across countries, an initial adaptation of Western counseling practices and scholarship often takes place without considering local knowledge (Lester et al., 2018). Today, IPC in clinical settings comprises various practitioners working in unison and sharing their knowledge while providing integrated services and participating in decision making that is both informed and comprehensive (Engel & Prentice, 2013; Johnson & Mahan, 2020). Therapist flexibility/rigidity and work stress, Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Mandated reporting of child abuse: Considerations and guidelines for mental health counselors. Received 2020 Aug 8; Revised 2021 Feb 3; Accepted 2021 Feb 3. Yang, J. Wagnild, G. M. World health statistics 2010. , & Because clients may present with COVID19related fears and experiences of death, dying, and becoming seriously ill, professional counselors and other mental health professionals working during the pandemic are inherently providing trauma counseling (Abrams, 2020; Litam & HipolitoDelgado, 2021). A consent form was presented in the survey, followed by demographic questions requesting participants age, gender, highest level of education, race/ethnicity, occupation, years of counseling experience, workplace setting, average number of hours worked per week (e.g., with clients, students), average number of clients/students seen per week, client/student demographic, and counseling specialization. , This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. , As noted above, a lack of training on IPC across mental health professions contributes to the challenges and barriers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-018-9333-3, Maree, J. G., & van der Westhuizen, C. N. (2011). They noted that although mental health professionals were theoretically included in IPCs, their involvement was infrequent. The Family Journal, 28(3), 215224. Research in non-U.S. settings is needed to shed light on contextual and cultural factors related to this topic. , Multiple regression analyses can be predictive and can determine how much of the variation in a dependent variable is explained by the independent variables (Johnson, 2001; Laerd Statistics, n.d.a). Building collaborative capacity in community coalitions: A review and integrative framework. , CampbellJenkins, B. W. Pearlman, L. A. <>stream
, & Internationalization of the counseling profession: Meaning, scope, and concerns. , https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.42.2.06, Johnson, K. F., Fowler, C., Kott, K., & Lemaster, M. (2014). , & Ventriglio, A. Original Research Paper The International Journal of Indian Psychology ISSN 2348-5396 (e) | ISSN: 2349- 3429 (p) Volume 4, Issue 3, DIP: 18.01.127/20170403 Litam, S. D. A. , & (2017). Shen, B. Orlinsky, D. Donisi, V. Answer: Professional counselors are individuals who help clients through difficult times and to process the complexities of life. , Such professional inclusion increases clients access to mental health care, which can positively impact their quality of life, resulting in decreases in mental and physical symptoms (Cox et al., 2014). Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(2), 140147. To date, the IPEC has expanded its membership to 21 professional organizations, ranging from optometry to nursing, as well as related mental health professions such as psychology and social work (IPEC, 2021). , Xue, X. Professional counseling in Nigeria: Past, present, and future. Zhou, C. Chang, C. Professional counselors may also benefit from reviewing relevant publications outlining culturally sensitive strategies for counseling marginalized populations that are affected by the COVID19 pandemic (see Chan & Litam, 2021; Litam, 2020; Litam & HipolitoDelgado, 2021; Litam & Oh, 2020; Litam et al., 2021). Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling, 24(1), 3553. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. It's the cornerstone of what you do. One item assessed the frequency of client concerns related to COVID19 on a 5point Likerttype scale (1 = never 0% to 5 = always 100%), and one item assessed the frequency of concern felt by the counselor related to COVID19 stress on a 5point Likerttype scale (1 = never 0% to 5 = always 100%). , Professional burnout, vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue: A review of theoretical terms, risk factors, and preventive methods for clinicians and researchers, A systematic review of compassion fatigue, vicarious trauma, and secondary traumatic stress in physicians, Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies. Department of Counselor Education, The protocol provided an organized, shared structure of client care. We also seek to recommend strategies that counselor educators, supervisors, trainees, practitioners, and professional organization leaders can use to address and overcome some of these barriers and challenges. Wilcoxon, S. A. Adams, R. E. Stress and Resilience Among Professional Counselors During the COVID19 A. The Biggest Problem in Therapy | Psychology Today Meaningful inclusion of counselors will allow us to achieve our vocational purpose as healers and contributors of socio-emotional wellness to individuals and communities. Based on this finding, it is possible that professional counselors in this study who were unable to mitigate the effects of posttraumatic stress through selfcare, resilience, and/or coping strategies were more likely to experience posttraumatic stress symptoms. A standard multiple regression analysis was conducted to test Hypothesis 3. While professional counseling may be considered well established in the United States and some English-speaking countries (e.g., the United Kingdom and Australia; Brady-Amoon & Keefe-Cooperman, 2017), in most countries (e.g., Brazil, Myanmar, and Saudi Arabia), it appears to be non-existent, or remains a nascent profession (e.g., India and China). , , Despite the many challenges and barriers experienced by professional counselors in places where the profession is in its early stages of development, we are heartened to see a continued growth of the profession internationally as more individuals are entering the counseling profession to serve their communities. Gulati, G. Pertile, R. , , & Potential impact of COVID19related racial discrimination on the health of Asian Americans, Beyond burnout: Helping teachers, nurses, therapists and lawyers recover from stress and disillusionment. Interdisciplinary Collaboration Challenges Faced by Counselors in , & 3 0 obj
Consider previous challenges you've faced To answer this interview question effectively, consider any work-related situations that presented challenges in your previous roles. Hu, Y. For example, one clinical psychologist practicing in a college counseling center described how being African American afforded him an understanding of the issues his clients may face: "I think with a African American or Black [client], because I am African American, Black, I don't have to go to the literature, it's like I know these . , & Although we sought to obtain a national sample, readers must interpret the findings with caution because participants may not be representative of the counselor population in the United States. Counseling research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Posted August 6, 2019 | Reviewed by Davia Sills Source: Kendl123, CC 3.0 A counselor's effectiveness depends significantly. The presence of these chronic stressors may prevent professional counselors from achieving selfcare goals and maintaining their own psychological wellness. , , , Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 44(1), 6881. (2017). (2020). Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 42(2), 170186. Although professional counseling primarily grew out of the United States, internationally, counseling training standards, professional identity, and scope of practice should be defined by local stakeholders, cultures, and other contextual factors and not simply generalized versions of a Western counseling profession. The five biggest challenges faced by a counselor are as follows: Clients who are disinterested and not willing to open up about their issues honestly. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. Cultural implications of adopting these models pose complications for professional identity development and practice in these nations because of significant cultural differences. The .gov means its official. Such challenges and barriers are associated with being a new profession that lacks recognition and role comprehension by the larger society and fellow helping professionals in their respective countries. This is particularly the case when interdisciplinary collaboration is central and critical to their work and professional advancement. We hope that this paper will motivate counselor educators, supervisors, practitioners, trainees, and leaders to give due attention and systematically examine the myriad issues involved. Liu, C. H. Indeed, counselors working in disaster mental health have been called to incorporate emotion regulation and mindfulness practices (Pow & Cashwell, 2017), in addition to holistic selfcare practices that attend to the mindbodyspirit triad (Lambert & Lawson, 2013). One possible explanation for this finding may be that professional counselors in this study cultivated robust selfcare, coping strategies, and resilience through their graduate training and/or work experiences and were able to successfully implement those skills in ways that served as protective factors to burnout.