sudan second line routesudan second line route

The parade began at the Treme Recreation Community Center and. Railways in Sudan Sudan has 4,725 kilometers of narrow-gauge, single-track railways. After the Declaration of Independence of South Sudan in 2011, 248km of the Babanousa-Wau line was no longer within (north) Sudanese territory. We didnt come up with that idea. [citation needed] The line from Babanosa to Wau was built between 1959 and 1961 by Rahul Khanna. Nubia is traditionally divided into two regions. Read about our approach to external linking. It used ex-War Department Light Railways rolling stock and Simplex locomotives. PUBLIC SAFETY TIPS The Five Seas Express (5CX) connects key ports in China, Vietnam, and Malaysia to Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Turkey. We are two first time visitors planning to attend the Gumbo Fest this weekend and I noticed the Sudan annual parade is also on this Sunday. 2011 June - Governments of north and south sign accord to demilitarize the disputed Abyei region and let in an Ethiopian peacekeeping force. Map Explainer: Sudan - Visual Capitalist It consists of a 248 kilometers (154mi) narrow-gauge (1,067mm (3ft6in)), single-track line that connects Babonosa (Sudan) with the city of Wau in South Sudan. Trans-Saharan routes began to bypass Audaghost, expanding instead toward the newly opened Bure goldfield. [23], A 250 km/h rail link from the Egyptian city of Aswan to Wadi Halfa in the north has been proposed. [2] It included an extension of the western line to Nyala (1959) in Darfur Province and of a southwesterly branch to Wau (1961), southern Sudan's second largest city, located in the province of Bahr el Ghazal. The following year, the people of South Sudan voted for independence in the 2011 referendum, and later declared its independence from Sudan. [4], In the 1920s, a spur of the railway was built from Hayya, a point on the main line 200km southwest of Port Sudan, then extended south to the cotton-producing area near Kassala, the grain region of Al Qadarif and, finally, to a junction with the main line at Sennar. Hosted by Natalie Kitroeff. PARKING REMINDERS He helped found the club in 82 with a group of young men in their 20s who had grown up together since the age of 12 through Tambourine and Fan. His wife couldnt go to work, so they started doing regular walks which helped them grow even closer. [14] However a 2016 article noted that many Chinese firms had given up dealing with Sudan because of sanctions and pressure from the US. 2023 BBC. The losses were attributed in part to inflationary factors, the lack of spare parts, and the continuation of certain lines characterized by only light traffic, but retained for economic development needs and for social reasons. It was absorbed by Sudan Railways in 1933 and closed in 1952. New Orleans has its own cuisine (Creole), its own music (Dixieland jazz), its own traditions (second line parades), and definitely its own vibe. [4] South Sudan, which broke from the north, stated its intentions to find new trade routes for its oil as well as goods and services to cut its reliance on northern facilities. The country has one major narrow-gauge rail lines: The Uganda Standard Gauge Railway will connect to Rwanda, South Sudan, and to the MombasaNairobi Standard Gauge Railway whose construction is already underway. Its name comes from bilad-al-sudan , or "Land of Blacks," the term used by the Arabic travelers, geographers, and historians who first wrote of . Sudan - Jeddah - Direct container service At the risk of sounding stupid, what is the second line etiquette? [citation needed]. They also agreed to withdraw troops from their border area to create a demilitarised zone. A former rail union official also blamed the Sudanese president Omer Hassan al-Bashir who took office in 1989 and continued the previous regime's policy of mass firing, forcing into early retirement or transferring to out of the way locations of qualified railroad employees and replacing them with incompetent political appointees. South Sudan in Ethiopia-Djibouti oil pipeline deal - BBC News Sudan travel advice - GOV.UK SSLM/A South Sudan Liberation Movement/Army; a South Sudanes rebel group formed in Mayom in April 2011 by Peter Gatdet. This big old S stuck out in my face, and it had four more letters with it UDANSudanand I said to myself wow. Sudan Railway Map - Maps of World A weekly ferry service on the Nile River connects the Egyptian railhead at Aswan with the Sudan railhead at Wadi Halfa. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. This service offers a fast, direct, and reliable option for shipping cargo between these regions, with a modern fleet of vessels and state-of-the-art equipment. 2008 March - Tensions rise over clashes between an Arab militia and SPLM in the disputed oil-rich Abyei area on the north-south divide - a key sticking point in the 2005 peace accord. [22], In June 2020 the funding was approved to finance a $3.4m feasibility study into a standard-gauge rail link between Ethiopia and Sudan. So for us to come out in these overalls and people still call me today to tell me how beautiful we are just like if we came out in 2019 when everything was alright, and we came out in shoes, pants, basket, fan, and umbrellas, that outfit didnt have no suspenders, shoulder piece we didnt have streamers we had two shoulder pieces. For example, repair of locomotives was so slow that only about half of the total number were usually operational. ", "South Sudan: An Infrastructure Action Plan; Chapter 7.4.1 Current Status of the railways network", "Bashir vows to restore Sudan's railway network", "All aboard! Sudan Second Line Parade 2021 (21-11-14_MT-sr-01) - YouTube Picking a spot to watch is always fine. 1988 - Democratic Unionist Party - part of Sudan's ruling coalition government - drafts cease-fire agreement with the SPLM, but it is not implemented. The other line, the Gezira Light Railway, was owned by the Sudan Gezira Board and served the Gezira Scheme and its Manaqil Extension. [9] Operations usually have been suspended during the rainy season. When it comes down to that decoration. If you call yourself a creative, proudly wear that title, be memorable, inspire others and always be ahead of the crowd! 1969 - Group of socialist and communist Sudanese military officers led by Col Jaafar Muhammad Numeiri seizes power; Col Numeiri outlines policy of autonomy for south. Chinese, US and European companies have shown interest in carrying out feasibility studies, Mr Benjamin said. The Machakos Protocol provides for the south to seek self-determination after six years. 2005 October - Autonomous government is formed in South Sudan, in line with the January 2005 peace deal. The fighting in the capital. As always, take care in large crowds and report suspicious activity to public safety officials. more. African Development Bank has offered a $75m grant towards the cost while China State Construction Engineering and several Gulf firms are reported to be interested in becoming involved with the project. This Sunday we way downtown for the Sudan Second Line Parade.#sudan #versatileladiesofstyle #spirit2dastreet #devestations&p #damns&p #isleybrothers # drake. Difficulties in production and a decrease in export orders in the first quarter of 2023 continued to affect commodity exports in April 2023. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION IMPACTS This Sunday we way downtown for the Sudan Second Line Parade.#sudan #versatileladiesofstyle #spirit2dastreet #devestations\u0026p #damns\u0026p #isleybrothers # drake #21savage #herloss #bigtymers #sade #neworleans #secondline #secondlinesunday #peeweecrabcakes #lilbaby #itsonlyme #kanyewest #drinkchamps #music #Viral #trending #africa #southafrica #ghana #uganda #nigeria #CharlestonWhite #1090Jake #HassanCampbell #wack100 #Gilliedakid #FreshandfitPodcast #freshandfitpodcast #CelebrityNews #Bronx #Trav #Harlem #Rolling60s #JoeRogan #ClubHouse #LarryHoover #Houston #GD #MobTies #RapALot #BigU #100Ent #HassanCampbell #ChinaMac #JPrince #Houston #CelebrityNews #NOI #Farrakhan #short #HassanCampbell #6ix9ine #LosAngeles #NipseyHussle #TheGame #LarryHoover #MalcolmX #Bronx #Harlem #LosAngeles #Adam22 #NYC #TheJoeBuddenPodcast #HassanCampbell #JimJones #TI #pushthatknife #SnowBilly #CripMac #6ix9ine #Nore #DrinkChamps #Gillie #LaurenLondon #SnowBilly #6ix9ine #DJKaySlay #NipseyHussle #FatJoe #Crips #Piru #Crenshaw #milliondollazworthofgame #LaurenLondon #Extortion #thestarreport #djvlad #Clubhouse #ReactionVideo #mwreck #Akademiks #djvlad #nojumper #RumorReport #KwameBrown #AlpoMartinez #lilbaby #moneybaggyo #atlanta #miami #joerogan #andrewtate #nas #laurenhill #ifiruledtheworld #torylanez #augustalsina #dababy #megantheestallion #lilbaby START at Treme Center (900 N. Villere St.) take St. Phillip St. to Henriette Delille St.. LEFT on Henriette Delille St. to Ursulines St., LEFT on Ursulines St. to Treme St. (STOP: Chapman Family). The head of a unit combating sexual violence against women in Sudan has told the BBC's Sudan Lifeline radio that it is estimated that only 2% of cases are being . Last month, South Sudan's government signed a deal with Kenya to link its oil fields to the port of Lamu. According to Garang, who was to head the New Sudan Foundation as President and Chief Executive, a line would be constructed in the first instance from Juba southwards along the White Nile to connect with the Ugandan system at Pakwach, about 150km, where freight will be transshipped, as Uganda uses the 1,000mm (.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}3ft3+38in) gauge unlike Sudan's 1,067mm (3ft6in) gauge. President Salva Kiir of South Sudan recently accused Sudan of stealing crude oil worth $815m (518m). The decision to link the Uganda line to South Sudan would be reached in consultation with its partners in RVRTransCentury and Ugandas Investment firm Bomi Holdings.[5]. See details on any route changes at norta.com. Cairo-Cape Town Highway - Wikipedia Conversion of Sudan Railways to diesel traction started in the late 1950s, but a few mainline steam locomotives continued in use in 1990, serving lines having lighter weight rails. It was built by the British in the late 1890s, for use in General Herbert Kitchener's drive against the Mahdiyah. 2011 August - UN says at least 600 people are killed in ethnic clashes in Jonglei state. Its primary purpose has been to serve the farm area by carrying cotton to ginneries and fertilizers, fuel, food, and other supplies to the villages in the area. Second Lines Video, Elton John ends farewell tour after 52 years of 'pure joy', Violent protesters storm Georgia LGBT event, Syrian government cancels BBC press accreditation, MP writes to Disney over gravestone dispute, Clashes at Eritrea festival injure 26 German police. President Kiir said his nation would rather struggle for a bit than continue to hand over its oil revenues to the old enemies in Khartoum. Keep up with Feedthe Second Line - Subscribe to our Newsletter! During the continuing of the civil war in the south (19832005), the bridge at Aweil was destroyed in the 1980s and left Wau without rail access for over 20 years. For us to come out like that for people to say this parade was just as pretty as that parade, and we tried to stay on budget cause we didnt have no money. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. The SAINT Hotel -- Close Enought to the French Quarter? Download the full route sheet below, and click "play" on the player to hear this week's Takin' It To The Streets guest host Maryse Dejean interview Sudan's Bernard Robertson: All user-submitted content owned by the Poster. Worker productivity had declined. 2005 July - Former southern rebel leader John Garang is sworn in as first vice-president. Ukraine's counteroffensive is going more slowly than some expected but it remains too early to draw conclusions about Kyiv's prospects for battlefield gains, a senior Pentagon official has said. 2016 December - A UN commission on human rights says a process of ethnic cleansing is underway in several parts of the country, a claim that President Salva Kiir denies. Im a trend setter, an adventurer, a coffee lover and a photographer! Re: Sudan second line 9 years ago Save You can do either. The Complicated Future of Student Loans - The New York Times Sudan News | Sudan Latest News - NewsNow 2013 June - President Kiir dismisses Finance Minister Kosti Manibe and Cabinet Affairs Minister Deng Alor over a multi-million dollar financial scandal, and lifts their immunity from prosecution. 2014 January - A ceasefire is signed but broken several times over subsequent weeks, and further talks in February fail to end the violence that displaces more than a million people by April. He made it through surgery without catching covid and hunkered down to recover from it while the rest of the world was in lockdown. 2009 July - North and south Sudan say they accept ruling by arbitration court in The Hague shrinking disputed Abyei region and placing the major Heglig oil field in the north. Sudan: Foreigners flee as UN warns of 'catastrophic - Euronews http://www.wwoz.org/events/154626 Photo by Kichea S. Burt. Ukraine war latest: US to send Kyiv controversial weapon banned by more US allies troubled by cluster bombs to Ukraine, Twitter blue tick accounts fuel Ukraine misinformation, BBC star faces new allegations over explicit photos, How warming oceans are driving the climate juggernaut, The fate of a protest that toppled a president, Ghana's batmen hunting for pandemic clues, How TikTok fuels human smuggling at the US border, Delhi's earliest crimes revealed by 1800s police records, The surprising benefits of breaking up. [14][15], In 2015 the Sudanese president Omar Hassan al-Bashir promised to modernise and upgrade the Sudanese railways with Chinese funds and technical assistance[16] after years of maladministration and neglect. On 28 November 2013, Kenyan officials announced they would be formally launching a new, Chinese-financed railway that will extend across East Africa to reach South Sudan, DR Congo and Burundi,[6] becoming Kenya's biggest infrastructure project since independence 50 years ago. 2016 November - UN sacks Kenyan commander of its peacekeeping mission over the failure to protect civilians in Juba during July violence. Read about our approach to external linking. Get answers to your questions about New Orleans. The line is expected to extend as far north as Juba, South Sudan when the link between the Kenyan port of Mombasa to the Kenyan capital Nairobi is completed. Should I bring my kids/teenagers to New Orleans? The 1980s also saw a steady erosion of tonnage as a result of a combination of inefficient management, union intransigence, the failure of agricultural projects to meet production goals, the dearth of spare parts, and the continuing civil war. "South Sudan: An Infrastructure Action Plan; Chapter 7.4.1 Current Status of the railways network", "RVR targets planned Uganda-Sudan railway line", "Kenya launches new railway to reach South Sudan and Burundi", "US$3.2bn Standard Gauge Railway line to connect Uganda and S.Sudan", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rail_transport_in_South_Sudan&oldid=1158896478, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 6 June 2023, at 22:42. The first phase of the project will be to carry out $17m of emergency repairs to lines that are in use. Kenya withdraws its troops from the peacekeeping mission. The route has already been agreed by both governments. Aweil - S - South Sudan. Sudan has 4,725 kilometers of narrow-gauge, single-track railways. 2017 February - A famine is declared in parts of South Sudan in what the UN describes as a man-made catastrophe caused by civil war and economic collapse. Do you follow the parade around, pick out a specific spot to watch, join in and sashay? RIGHT on N. Claiborne Ave. to St. Anthony St. (Dirge for Kenneth Dykes), CONTINUE on N. Claiborne Ave. to Touro St. (STOP: Family Ties). Purram. Babanusa - S - junction. The geographic sub-region 1 spans a total of 18 countries, ranging from Burundi, Rwanda, South Sudan and Uganda in the west to Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Kenya and Somalia in the east to Malawi, Mozambique, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe in . The only export route for southern oil - which makes up 98% of its budget - is via its northern neighbour. 2022 Nine Times SA&PC Second Line Route LOCATION Downtown, New Orleans Brass Band | Big6 Brass Band SPECIAL THANKS TO 3647. I looked it up, and it said they had a village, and in that village they had a group of men that would go from village to village dancing for peace. Fresh talks over the oil crisis are scheduled for Friday in Addis Ababa. The only export route for southern . Djibouti - on the Gulf of Aden at the entrance to the Red Sea - is at least 1,000km (625 miles)away from South Sudan's oil fields, and crosses remote, difficult terrain where South Sudanese and other militia groups operate. Neighboring Countries - Chad, Libya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan. Politics latest: Labour lead over Tories widens in poll of polls U-TURN on Miro St. to St. Bernard Ave. to N. Claiborne Ave. 2012 September - The presidents of Sudan and South Sudan agree trade, oil and security deals after days of talks in Ethiopia. [6] The line, which was poorly constructed and of little other use, was abandoned in 1905. A memorandum of understanding was signed during talks in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa, earlier this month, South Sudan's Minister for Information Barnaba Marial Benjamin told the AFP news agency. Right on N Claiborne Ave to Annette St. (Dirge for Kenneth Dykes) | Continue on N Claiborne Ave. to Saint Anthony St. Continue on N Claiborne Ave. to Elysian Fields Ave. | Right on Elysian Fields to Rampart St. | Right on N Rampart St. to Touro St. Continue on N rampart St. through McShane Place to Saint Bernard Ave. | Right on Saint Bernard Ave. to N Claiborne Ave. Left on N Claiborne Ave. to Saint Phillip St. | Left on Saint Phillip St. to N Robertson St. Come out and enjoy some New Orleans Culture. By the end of the twelfth century, however, Ghana had lost its domination of the western Sudan gold trade. Interview: Bernard Robertson of Sudan SAPC. At the time, rail had about 135 route km of 2ft (610mm) narrow gauge track. [13] During the civil war in the south (19832005) military trains went as far as Aweil accompanied by large numbers of troops and militia, causing great disruption to civilians and humanitarian aid organisations along the railway line. In February 1912, a westward continuation reached El-Obeid, then the country's second-largest city, and the center of gum arabic production. There are plans to rehabilitate rail transport to reverse decades of neglect and declining efficiency. Sudan Social Aid and Pleasure Club Second Line. It was envisaged that the project would be undertaken by Thormaehlen Holdings of Germany. Wau Railway Station is the terminus of a narrow gauge branch line of the Sudan Railways. Once the members dressed, Bernard started off the day by circling up the club for a prayer that he leads each year. Second Lines March 11, 2023 2023 Keep-N-It Real Second Line Route New Orleans September 6, 2022 Richard Brown New Orleans August 28, 2022 2022 Valley of Silent Men New Orleans July 6, 2022 Tamara Jackson-Snowden New Orleans . WHEN Sunday, November 11th, 2018, 12:00pm to 4:00pm NEIGHBORHOODS IMPACTED Seventh Ward, Treme, French Quarter PUBLIC SAFETY TIPS As always, take care in large crowds and report suspicious activity to public safety officials. PARKING REMINDERS Parking enforcement personnel will be monitoring for . Takin' It To The Streets | WWOZ New Orleans 90.7 FM The line was left in poor condition after the Second Sudanese Civil War after several parts of it were mined; the line was fully rehabilitated with United Nations funds. Has anyone ever used getaroom.com for hotel bookings? Whatever race you wanna call, they was out there. Facebook The latest breaking news updates on Sudan in a live news feed aggregated from mainstream, alternative and independent sources, by NewsNow. Rail transport in South Sudan - Wikipedia [4] There were small later extensions from Abu Gabra to El Muglad (52km in 1995), El Obeid to the El Obeid refinery (10km), and El Ban to the Merowe Dam (10km.[9]]. 2016 April - Riek Machar finally returns to Juba and is sworn in as first vice-president in a new unity government - but is sacked in July after further conflict and goes back into exile. In that same time he was making his way to Texas the organization was patching his roof to avoid additional damage and ease his concerns while away. 2005 August - South Sudanese leader John Garang is killed in a plane crash. Anybody who liked to go have fun, Covid took that away from us. It became uneconomic because of the distance and the need for trans-shipment via the Nile and, in 1904, construction of a new line from Atbarah to the Red Sea was undertaken, with the line being completed in October 1905. South Sudan signs a second oil pipeline deal in a bid to reduce its dependence on Sudan - amid a deepening oil crisis between the former civil war enemies. Every year they plan their 4 hour parade route around passing by the homes of family members. 2014 August - Peace talks begin in Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa and drag on for months as fighting continues. The surprising benefits of breaking up. As Sudan conflict continues, here's what to know : NPR On Sunday, one day later, a second convoy also arrived in Port Sudan, bringing the total number of U.S. citizens the State Department and its allies have helped depart the country since the start . He is succeeded by Salva Kiir Mayardiit. And while three days here isnt enough time to see everything, its plenty of time to give you a taste of all of the above. Edited by Devon Taylor and Marc Georges. The administration is dominated by former rebels. open access Abstract Keywords Roads Authority 1. 1st time to New Orleans Best places to Eat/Drink on a Budget, InterContinental New Orleans, an IHG Hotel, Holiday Inn French Quarter-Chateau Lemoyne, an IHG Hotel, The Roosevelt New Orleans, A Waldorf Astoria Hotel. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. South Sudan and Sudan - who fought a bitter civil war for decades and split in July - remain at loggerheads, especially over oil on which both countries depend almost entirely for their revenues. 2002 - Talks in Kenya lead to a breakthrough agreement between southern rebels and Sudanese government on ending the civil war. Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in north east Africa. Picking a spot to watch is always fine. Nyala - W - terminus. The southern portion, which extended north to the southern end of the second . FILE - Smoke is seen in Khartoum, Sudan, Saturday, April 22, 2023. Take Saint Phillip St. to Henriette Delille St. | Left on Henriette Delille St. to Ursulines St. | Left on Ursulines Ave. (Dirge for Archie Chapman) | Continue on Ursulines Ave. to Treme St. Read about our approach to external linking. Since then Bernard has been able to repair his roof and focus on things like second lining. For an overview of the railway in 1952, see "Sudan Railways," in Railroad Magazine October 1952, at pp. To see that person to see you come to the door that morning, was just fantastic., In 2020 Robertson was scheduled for prostate surgery the day after Mardi Gras on March 26, 2020, while covid was making its way around the world. Egyptian National Railways ( ENR; Arabic: , romanized : Al-Sikak al-addiyyah al-Miriyyah) is the national railway of Egypt and managed by the parastatal Egyptian Railway Authority ( ERA; Arabic: , romanized : Al-Ha'ah al-Qawmiyya li-Sikak . Sudan Second Line Parade | WWOZ New Orleans 90.7 FM Eastern Africa has historically been part of global migration and trade networks and continues to play an important role in both. South Sudan profile - Timeline - BBC News [5] In May 1887, the Wadi Halfa - Saras line was extended again to Kerma, above the third cataract, to support the Anglo-Egyptian Dongola Expedition against the Mahdiyah. Sudans return to parading came on a cool and sunny November 14, 2021. The line to Wau was reopened in 2010 but Wau became part of South Sudan when it declared independence in 2011. The south has the bulk of the oil - but the north has the pipeline, refinery and the export terminal at Port Sudan on the Red Sea. Me being a little talker, I was able to speak my piece to the club, and the club hollered man lets go with that name., Tambourine and Fan is the foundation of Sudan, and motivated them to carry on the style of a traditional old school second line by carrying a fan, basket and umbrella. July 7, 2023. I was blessed in a way with covid because it kept me inside.. [24] The $2.5 million feasibility study was signed with Kuwaiti investment in April 2022, and would include a 6km bridge across Lake Nasser. . More information: http://ready.nola.gov/events/sudan-secon To post your recommendation, please sign in or join your neighborhood on Nextdoor. 1972 - Government concedes a measure of autonomy for southern Sudan in a peace agreement signed in Addis Ababa. In 2015 the railways were said to have 60 trains available but the maximum speed they could travel was 40km/h due to poor railway tracks. The main line runs from Wadi Halfa on the Egyptian border to Khartoum and southwest to El-Obeid via Sannar and Kosti, Sudan, with extensions to Nyala in Southern Darfur and Wau in Western Bahr al Ghazal, South Sudan. The Sudan Railway Map shows the rail network of Sudan, different railway zones and major cities railway line. Sudan Social Aid and Pleasure Club Second Line - NOLA Ready. US allies troubled by cluster bombs to Ukraine, Twitter blue tick accounts fuel Ukraine misinformation, BBC star faces new allegations over explicit photos, How warming oceans are driving the climate juggernaut, The fate of a protest that toppled a president, Ghana's batmen hunting for pandemic clues, How TikTok fuels human smuggling at the US border, Delhi's earliest crimes revealed by 1800s police records, The surprising benefits of breaking up. Khartoum has admitted to confiscating some for unpaid fees - prompting South Sudan to halt all production. Note: the main line linking Khartoum to Port Sudan carries over two-thirds of Sudan's rail traffic, The main system, Sudan Railways, which was operated by the government-owned Sudan Railways Corporation (SRC), provided services to most of the country's production and consumption centers.