Peter and Paul, Icon of Antioch The most famous scriptural reference concerning Antioch relates that it was in this city that the followers of Christ were first mockingly referred to as "Christians" (Acts 11:26). Athanasius is also counted as Athanasius VII. Cairo 2003. enkindle that heart! The Patriarch of Antioch was the head of the Church of Antioch. are wholly unable to die. One of the most famous Roman additions to the city was its hippodrome, the Circus of Antioch. fortress in entire safety. Patriarch Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Baibars promised to spare the lives of the inhabitants, but broke his promise and razed the city, killing or enslaving nearly the entire population upon their surrender. of his kingdom and land, until his return, to us and to our, new
Martyrdom Circumstances of martyrdom Instead of being executed in his home town of Antioch, Ignatius was escorted to Rome by a company of ten Roman soldiers: From Syria even unto Rome I fight with beasts, both by land and sea, both by night and day, being bound to ten leopards, I mean a band of soldiers. Who Was Ignatius of Antioch? - Christianity Diocese of Charleston, Oakland and the Mid-Atlantic. Accessed 9 Jul. of the brethren of the Templars and Hospitalers who bad come from
Antioch was part of this Armeno-Mongol alliance. The city served as the capital of the Seleucid Empire and later as . In 1268, Baibars besieged Antioch, capturing the city on May 18. The Syriac Orthodox Church is part of Oriental Orthodoxy, a distinct communion of churches claiming to continue the patristic and Apostolic Christology before the schism following the Council of Chalcedon in 451. John of Antioch - Wikipedia Raymond agreed with the emperor that if he was capable of capturing Aleppo, Shaizar, and Homs, he would exchange Antioch for them. have gone before, and the leader of his army [Schirkuh] . The first great earthquake in recorded history was related by the native chronicler John Malalas. This number probably refers to free adult citizens, so that the total number of free Greek settlers including women and children was probably between 17,000 and 25,000. The emperor was buried at Antioch and the Germans became an insignificant contingent during the crusade. Without any southern fortifications and with Antioch isolated it could not withstand the onslaught of resurgent Muslim forces, and with the fall of the city, the remainder of northern Syria eventually capitulated, ending the Latin presence in Syria. : The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East: 11001187. Dionysius II may have become patriarch in 896, and thus no vacancy may have taken place. the feeble multitude of women, children and wounded as far as
In the meantime, Raynald had allied himself with the Armenian prince, Thoros II. The northern edge of Antakya has been growing rapidly over recent years, and this construction has begun to expose large portions of the ancient city, which are frequently bulldozed and rarely protected by the local museum. After the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC, Seleucus I Nicator won the territory of Syria, and he proceeded to found four "sister cities" in northwestern Syria, one of which was Antioch, a city named in honor of his father Antiochus;[10] according to the Suda, it might be named after his son Antiochus. After the slaughter of the Christians the Turks returned to the
great force of Turks, in order to conquer the country. Usmah Ibn Munqidh (10951188): Autobiography: Excerpts on the Franks, c. 1175 CE. Woods believes Campbells G.A.N.G program, which stands for Gentlemen And Not Gangsters completely changed his life, and he knows how much Bishop Campbell would have wanted him to continue the work in hopes of impacting others. "To the Latins at Acre Bohemond's subservience seemed disgraceful, especially as it involved the humiliation of the Latin Church at AntiochBohemond was excommunicated by the Pope for this alliance (Urban IV, Registres, 26 May 1263), Jean Richard, The Crusades: c. 1071 c. 1291, pp 423426, "Ghazan resumed his plans against Egypt in 1297: the Franco-Mongol cooperation had thus survived, in spite of the loss of Acre by the Franks, and the conversion of the Persian Mongols to Islam. Oriental Orthodoxy It was enclosed by a wall of its own. But
out. Theophilus of Antioch, (born, near Tigris and Euphrates rivers, modern Iraqdied April 180, Antioch, modern Antakya, Turkey), Syrian saint, sixth bishop of Antioch, and one of the Christian Apologists of the 2nd century. Severus (512538) (Severus was deposed in 518 and exiled to Egypt, but was recognized as the lawful Patriarch by . The Mamluk sultan Saif ad-Din Qutuz looked to ally with the Franks, who declined. The former, therefore, as we have said, entered Egypt, and favored
Amen. Effectively, the Armenian kings ruled Antioch while the prince of Antioch resided in Tripoli. Medieval Films
Aymeric, by the grace of God, patriarch of the holy Apostolic
Bohemond IV and his son Bohemond V remained neutral in the struggles of the Guelphs and Ghibellines to the south which arose when Frederich II married Isabella II, and in 1233 Bohemond IV died. NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WSMV) - Bishop Marcus Campbell's wife, Stacy Campbell, knows how much her husband made an indelible impression on the city of Nashville and his members including the youth. Patriarch of Antioch | Religion Wiki | Fandom fixed a day beyond which it would be impossible for them to hold
The following year after the death of John II Comnenus, Imad ad-Din Zengi lay siege to Edessa, the crusader capital, and with the death of Imad ad-Din Zengi in 1146, he was succeeded by his son, Nur ad-Din Zangi. However, Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Antioch lost as many as 300,000 people. From 1107 to 1108, Bohemond led a 'crusade' against Byzantium, with the Latins crossing the Adriatic in October 1107 and laying siege to the city of Durrs (in modern Albania), which is often regarded as the western gate of the Greek empire. We know little of it in the Hellenistic period, apart from Syria, all our information coming from authors of the late Roman time. the beginning of the end. Campbell and her husband have eight children, three girls, and five boys. [16], The Seleucids reigned from Antioch. of the most high and incomparable prince; may the tortures and
Athanasius is considered either semi-legitimate, and counted as Athanasius IV. Ignatius of Antioch - Wikipedia Robert Spencer Gregory III Laham, the Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch, has joked that if the Apostle Peter had just stayed put, he himself would be the earthly head of the Catholic Church today. Nor is there anyone who turns his heart
David of Dara is considered an illegitimate patriarch. gotten possession of Damascus, the latter entered Egypt with a
to us. Louis VII of France. Saint Ignatius of Antioch | Biography, Writings, & Martyrdom According to ancient tradition, Antioch was settled by 5,500 Athenians and Macedonians, together with an unknown number of native Syrians. [51], In 1156 Raynald claimed that the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus had reneged on his promises to pay Raynald a sum of money, and vowed to attack the island of Cyprus in revenge. 2. [16] Theodosius placed Antioch under Constantinople's rule when he divided the Roman Empire. Abraham is considered an illegitimate patriarch. 306307. Simeon is considered an illegitimate patriarch. The non-Islamic coins from the excavations were published by Dorothy B. (Most of the time.). The Crusades: A Documentary Survey Brundage, Studies in the History of Relations between Orient and Occident in the Middle Ages. He currently resides in Bkerke - Lebanon. He nevertheless defeated the Crusaders in many other battles in Arsuf, Athlith, Haifa, and so on. During the ByzantineSassanid War of 602628 the Emperor Heraclius confronted the invading Persian army of Khosrow II outside Antioch in 613. [26] The city had a large population of Jewish origin in a quarter called the Kerateion, and so attracted the earliest missionaries. But those who were besieged
The original city of Seleucus was laid out in imitation of the grid plan of Alexandria by the architect Xenarius. A circus, other colonnades and great numbers of baths were built, and new aqueducts to supply them bore the names of Caesars, the finest being the work of Hadrian. preserving Christian rule there was even more difficult. "The mixture of Roman, Greek, and Jewish elements admirably adapted Antioch for the great part it played in the early history of Christianity. [27] Evangelized by, among others, Peter himself, according to the tradition upon which the Patriarchate of Antioch[28] still rests its claim for primacy,[29] and later (according to the Acts of the Apostles) by Barnabas and Paul[30][clarification needed], its converts were the first to be called Christians. In 1216 Leo installed Raymond-Roupen as prince of Antioch, and ending all military aspect of the struggle between Tripoli and Lesser Armenia, but the citizens again revolted against Raymond-Roupen in c.1219 and Bohemond of Tripoli was recognised as the fourth prince of that name. The Patriarch of Antioch is one of the original patriarchs of Early Christianity, who presided over the bishops of Syria, Palestine, Armenia, Georgia and Mesopotamia. [emailprotected], The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the History Department of Fordham University, New York. In 387 AD, there was a great sedition caused by a new tax levied by order of Theodosius I, and the city was punished by the loss of its metropolitan status. [7], Alexander the Great is said to have camped on the site of Antioch and dedicated an altar to Zeus Bottiaeus; it lay in the northwest of the future city. To a certain extent they tried to make it an eastern Rome. The Second Crusade failed completely. It enjoyed a reputation for being "a populous city, full of most erudite men and rich in the most liberal studies",[17] but the only names of distinction in these pursuits during the Seleucid period that have come down to us are Apollophanes, the Stoic, and one Phoebus, a writer on dreams. To further consolidate his own claim over Antioch, Manuel chose Maria of Antioch as his bride, daughter of Constance of Antioch and Raymond of Poitiers. The irony of Julian's enthusiasm for large scale animal sacrifice could not have escaped the hungry Antiochenes. Sign of the cross The soldiers were often to be found gorged on sacrificial meat, making a drunken nuisance of themselves on the streets while Antioch's hungry citizens looked on in disgust. Eastern Orthodox Church Numeration includes incumbents deemed legitimate by the Syriac Orthodox Church prior to the schism in 518.[1]. Whats right and whats wrong, thats what he was doing. [2] During the late Hellenistic period and Middle Roman Empire, Antioch's population may have reached a peak of over 500,000 inhabitants (most generally estimate between 200,000 and 250,000),[4] making the city the third largest in the Empire after Rome and Alexandria and one of the most important cities in the eastern Mediterranean. We ourselves are looking after
A great temple to Jupiter Capitolinus rose on Silpius, probably at the insistence of Octavian, whose cause the city had espoused. use. [citation needed]. When the Patriarch was released, he collapsed in exhaustion and agreed to finance Raynald's expedition.[52]. engaged and they fled. Ignatius was originally known as Ignatius Theophorous. Byzantine influence remained in Antioch and in 1165, Bohemond III married a niece of the emperor, Maria of Antioch, and installed a Greek patriarch in the city, Athanasius II, Patriarch of Antioch, who remained in his position until he died in an earthquake five years later. Charleston WV Chancery 4407 Kanawha Ave., S.E. For we
Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Eastern Orthodox - Georgian - Ukrainian, Traditions Our prince having collected all his forces, set out from
This strengthened the support of sultan al-Adil I, an Ayyubid-Egyptian general who supported Raymond-Roupen's claims in Antioch. destruction, are dying while living in anguish of soul, and, leading
Shortly after that, when the temple was destroyed by fire, Julian suspected the Christians and ordered stricter investigations than usual. For Patriarchs of Antioch before the split in 518 between the Syriac and Eastern Orthodox churches, see List of Patriarchs of Antioch. For the Turks in their cunning gave
Antioch was a chief center of early Christianity, Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, "Antioch modern and ancient city, south-central Turkey", https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/21549, "Acts 11:26 and when he found him, he brought him back to Antioch. The Patriarch of Antioch is one of the patriarchs of the Orthodox Church, and one of the original five patriarchs of the Pentarchy. A Farewell to Patriarch Ignatius IV: A Personal View Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 14 July 2023 [CV], created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 14 July 2023 [, Fordham University Center
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1". While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. List of patriarchs of Antioch - Wikipedia The disciples were first called Christians at Antioch", "St John Chrysostom's homily on Saint Babylas", "Seleucia in Pieria, Ancient Warfare Magazine", "Zahiriyya Madrasa and Mausoleum of Sultan al-Zahir Baybars", "Archaeologists discovered an ancient mosaic with a wonderful message", "2,400 year-old mosaic found in southern Turkey says 'be cheerful, enjoy your life', Chelae on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus, Chelae on the European coast of the Bosphorus, Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antioch&oldid=1163570304, Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey, Populated places established in the 4th century BC, Populated places disestablished in the 13th century, Articles containing Koin Greek-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Armenian-language text, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Easton's Bible Dictionary, Articles with Ancient Greek-language sources (grc), Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Insignificant by the end of the 15th century, the roads from eastern Commagene and the Euphratean crossings at Samosata (now, Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo. Jacobites (Syrian) views 1,670,348 updated JACOBITES (SYRIAN) The title Jacobite, which appears after a.d. 575, comes from the name of James baradai, who organized a faction within the Syrian Orthodox Church. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theophilus-of-Antioch. She recalled the last words she heard from her husband before he passed away. Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for patriarch, Nglish: Translation of patriarch for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of patriarch for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about patriarch. a : one of the scriptural fathers of the human race or of the Hebrew people Abraham was a patriarch of the Israelites. He is sometimes also called the Greek Patriarch of Antioch to distinguish from the primate of the non-Chalcedonian Jacobite Church . to rule under tribute rather than to be deprived of both life
of the men who are about us, who is held as chief among the Saracens,
they were marching without sufficient circumspection, battle was
The name Ignatius means God-bearer. But not
Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [74] The majority of the Roman city lies buried beneath deep sediments from the Orontes River, or has been obscured by recent construction. Earthquakes in Syria during the Crusades. [31] This is not to be confused with Antioch in Pisidia, to which Barnabas and Paul later travelled.[32]. prince, his kinsman Bohemond, son of the former prince, Raymond. The Right Reverend Bishop Basil. The nicknames which they gave to their later kings were Aramaic; and, except Apollo and Daphne, the great divinities of north Syria seem to have remained essentially native, such as the "Persian Artemis" of Meroe and Atargatis of Hierapolis Bambyce. Maps
He talked our language (Aramaic-Syriac); He ate our food, and practiced our traditions.". The city's location offered geographical, military, and economic benefits to its occupants; Antioch was heavily involved in the spice trade and lay within easy reach of the Silk Road and the Royal Road. The modern city of Antakya, in Hatay Province of Turkey, was named after the ancient city, which lies in ruins on the Orontes River and did not overlap in habitation with the modern city. Corrections? Julian's piety was distasteful to the Antiochenes, even to those who kept the old religion. Michael II the Younger is considered an illegitimate patriarch. The mosaics are now displayed in the Hatay Archaeology Museum in Antakya. The Three Patriarchs. President Pope Francis General Secretary Cardinal Mario Grech of Malta President's Delegates His Beatitude Ibrahim Isaac Sedrak, Patriarch of Alexandria, head of the Synod of The Coptic Catholic. [25], Julian's successor, Valens, who endowed Antioch with a new forum, including a statue of Valentinian on a central column, reopened the great church of Constantine, which stood until the Persian sack in 538, by Chosroes. Ignatius to the Romans Chapter 5 The deaths
Antioch's wish prevailed, and it passed with Syria to the Roman Republic in 64BC, but remained a civitas libera. An eagle, the bird of Zeus, had been given a piece of sacrificial meat and the city was founded on the site to which the eagle carried the offering. [66][67] (Baibars "came to power with [the] regicide [of Qutuz] on his conscience" according to Tschanz.) and presbyters guard the gates. Ibn al-Athir vol. A collection of mosaics on both secular and sacred subjects which were once in churches, private homes, and other public spaces now hang in the Princeton University Art Museum[77] and museums of other sponsoring institutions. The Roman client, King Herod (most likely the great builder Herod the Great), erected a long stoa on the east, and Agrippa (c.6312BC) encouraged the growth of a new suburb south of this.[16]. His reason was that he wished to traverse
of their horses or some lucky chance rescued from the tumult. Ignatius is either counted as Ignatius I as the first Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch by that name. The Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East is the head of the Syriac Orthodox Church. When the emperor Julian visited in 362 on a detour to Persia, he had high hopes for Antioch, regarding it as a rival to the imperial capital of Constantinople. With the death of Baldwin in 1131, Alice briefly took control of Antioch and allied herself with Pons of Tripoli and Joscelin II of Edessa in an attempt to prevent Fulk, King of Jerusalem from marching north in 1132; however, this attempt failed and Fulk and Pons fought a brief battle before peace was made and Alice was exiled again. Readings in European History, (New York: Macmillan,
[16] It was recaptured by the Roman emperor Valerian the following year. God in the East. The majority of the Antioch mosaics are from the fourth and fifth centuries, Antioch's golden age, though others from earlier times have survived as well The Christian Antiochenes and Julian's pagan Gallic soldiers also never quite saw eye to eye. 2023. Throughout the Third Crusade, Antioch remained neutral; however, with the end of the Third Crusade (1192), they were included in the Treaty of Ramla between Richard and Saladin.[57][58][59][60]. Severus of Antioch, (born c. 465, Sozopolis, Pisidia, Asia Minor [near modern Konya, Turkey]died 538, Xois, Egypt), Greek Christian monk - theologian, patriarch of Antioch, and miaphysite leader during the reigns of the Byzantine emperors Anastasius I (491-518) and Justinian I (527-565). During the Crusades, Antioch served as the capital of the Principality of Antioch, one of four Crusader states that were founded in the Levant. distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal
Hesychasm - Icon Jones, The Later Roman Empire, Vol. This text is part of the Internet Medieval Source Book. The excavation team failed to find the major buildings they hoped to unearth, including Constantine's Great Octagonal Church or the imperial palace. With the death of Bohemond III there followed a 15-year struggle for power of Antioch, between Tripoli and Lesser Armenia. Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia were the leaders of this school. Calvary in Madison, TN. Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at
lineage, Mamistrensis, Hugh of Lesiniaco, and some
Aymeric, by the grace of God, patriarch of the holy Apostolic See of Antioch, to Louis, illustrious king of the French,-greeting and Apostolic benediction. "Antioch the Great: Population and Economy of Second-Century Antioch." List of Patriarchs of Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch, For patriarchs of Antioch before 512, see, For Syriac Catholic patriarchs from 1782, see, Traditional ecclesiastical jurisdictions of, List of Syriac Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch, Syriac Orthodox patriarchs from 1782 to present. [72] The famous Barker family of British consuls had a summer home in Suwaydiyya (today's Samanda), at the mouth of the Orontes River, in the nineteenth century. Antioch on the day of St. Lawrence and proceeded as far as the
Visitation begins at 10 a.m. and the funeral is set for 11 a.m. The following is a list of all the incumbents of the office of Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch. their tyranny according to their lusts on everything which met
of the Christians are frequent and the captures which we see daily. List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch - Religion Wiki The landscape altered, and the emperor himself was forced to take shelter in the circus for several days. Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, is an Oriental Orthodox Church with autocephalous patriarchate founded by Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the first century, according to its tradition. When the former saw that he was not able to accomplish what he
Although the basileus did not enter the city, his banner was raised atop the citadel and Raymond was compelled to do homage. The patriarchal office is only considered vacant at this time if Severus II is not acknowledged as the patriarch after his deposition in 680. [37] Two years later, Suleiman was killed fighting against Tutush, the brother of the Seljuk Sultan, who annexed the city into the Seljuk empire. 2, p. 320; Hillenbrand. This chariot racing venue was probably built in the reign of Augustus, when the city had more than half a million inhabitants; it was modelled on the Circus Maximus in Rome and other circus buildings throughout the empire. Theodore bar Wahbun is considered an illegitimate patriarch. In 1133 the king chose Raymond of Poitiers as a groom for Constance of Antioch, daughter of Bohemund II of Antioch and Alice, princess of Jerusalem. Commodus (r. 177192 AD) had Olympic games celebrated at Antioch.[16]. Jacob's ascension is placed either in 1510. This is a Greek word, a composition of (pater) meaning "father" and ( archon) meaning "leader", "chief", "ruler", "king", etc. Two great colonnaded streets intersected in the centre. List of Patriarchs of Antioch - OrthodoxWiki So never stop ministry, never stop moving your feet, never give up at all but you keep going to see what the end is going to be because thats what Marcus Campbell was all about, said Campbell. The city's impiety to the old religion was clear to Julian when he attended the city's annual feast of Apollo. Alice bore Raymond IV a son in 1199, Raymond-Roupen, after which Raymond IV died in the coming months. Help, Letter from Aymeric, patriarch of Antioch, to
[2] The city served as the capital of the Seleucid Empire and later as regional capital to both the Roman and Byzantine Empire. his own valor and that of his men, held a most warlike council
Seleucus encouraged Greeks from all over the Mediterranean to settle in the city. The Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch is the head of the Syriac Orthodox Church. the other kings of the West, always have the East in mind. The following is a list of primates who have held that office. Julian is counted as either Julian I as the first Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch by that name. From
Metousiosis. Amman 2003. king [Amalric] by promising to pay tribute each year and release
and laid siege to a certain fortress of ours, called Harrenc,
The designaton Abba ( Daddy in Aramaic) testifies to the devotion of all monastics, from Pentapolis in the West to Constantinople in the East, to his guidance. However, a great accomplishment of the expedition was the discovery of high-quality Roman mosaics from villas and baths in Antioch, Daphne and Seleucia Pieria. Axelrod, Alan and Charles L. Phillips, editors. until you accomplish at some time what we are unable through our
Papa is the specific designation for the Archbishop of Alexandria, Patriarch of Egypt, and the See of Saint Mark, whose ecclessiastic title is, Papa Abba. [9], After Alexander's death in 323BC, his generals, the Diadochi, divided up the territory he had conquered. , Lat. Since the 14th century the patriarch has resided in Damascus, Syria, whereas the ancient city of Antioch, situated on Turkish territory, has remained a small city. some narrow passes in their own country. Afterwards they advanced to the City, devastated the
Julian is also counted as Julian II as the second Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch by that name. Synod on Synodality: Read the full list of delegates Eastern Catholic Churches Libanius describes the first building and arrangement of this city (i. p.300. And it is our hope that by your hand the
Athanasius bar Subay is regarded as an illegitimate patriarch. [14][34] Chrysostom also says in one of his homilies on the Gospel of Matthew, which were delivered between 386 and 393, that in his own time there were 100,000 Christians in Antioch, a figure which may refer to orthodox Christians who belonged to the Great Church as opposed to members of other groups such as Arians and Apollinarians, or to all Christians of any persuasion.[14]. Full Text Sources
The Internet
In 637, during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius, Antioch was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate during the Battle of the Iron Bridge. providing web space and server support for the project. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'patriarch.' In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo, and Baldwin of Bourcq and Joscelin of Courtenay (Bourcq's most powerful vassal) were briefly captured, as well as the Byzantines recapturing of Cilicia and the harbor and lower town of Lattakieh, he renamed Tancred as the regent of Antioch and sailed for Europe with the intent of gaining support for an attack against the Greeks.[40][41]. Antioch was again ruled by a regency, firstly being Baldwin II, after his daughter and Bohemond II's wife, Alice of Antioch attempted to block Baldwin from entering Antioch, but failed when Antiochene nobles such as Fulk of Jerusalem (Alice's brother-in-law) opened up the gates for representatives of Baldwin II. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. In 115 AD, during Trajan's travel there during his war against Parthia, the whole site was convulsed by a huge earthquake. Religious and Military Crusader Orders in Syria in the 12th and 13th Centuries.