Regarding the sociology of the Klacakratantra, Wallace concludes: the mutual relations and influences of the individual, the cosmos, and time parallel those in the society. [40] Jana is Buddhahood, the ultimate reality or thusness (tathata). 5. In Hinduism and Buddhism, chakras are thought of as energy centers in the body. Fierce of face, she is dark, with flowing hair and four-armed. [89], Wallace notes that a study of the Klacakra literature shows that the teachings were meant to be accessible to non-Buddhist groups. [5][6] According to modern Buddhist studies, the original Sanskrit texts of the Klacakra tradition "originated during the early decades of the 11th century CE, and we know with certainty that the r Klacakra and the Vimalaprabh commentary were completed between 1025 and 1040 CE. [130] The main two lineages of these that are practised today are the Dro lineage and the Ra lineage, both lineages were founded by disciples of an Indian master named Nalandapa. [12][3] In 2010, Lokesh Chandra published a facsimile of one of the manuscripts that was not used by Jagannatha Upadhyaya et al. Heres what to know about this ancient, complex energy system. They are thought to be spinning disks of energy that should stay open and aligned, as they correspond to bundles of nerves, major organs, and areas of our energetic body that affect our emotional and physical well-being. This is what the research. [99] The first of these two sets concerns preparation for the generation stage meditations of Klacakra. The fight takes place in the body because the battle with the mleccha king is tied to the body, in the middle of the body and because the outer is the form of illusion and the mleccha-battle in the Makha-kingdom is not the battle. According to Wallace, "to demonstrate the untenability of social discrimination, the Klacakratantra at times uses a type of analysis that is similar to the one frequently applied in Buddhist refutations of the independent existence of a personal identity. "[34], The Klacakratantra refers to and draws from many different traditions, including non-Buddhist traditions such as the Shaiva, Samkhya, Vaishnava, Jain, Vedic, and Puranic traditions. Solar plexus. Self reflection - ask yourself questions like, where are you suppressing your wild, feminine self? "The Klacakra Initiation. Goddess Kali is the destructor of evil forces. As primal images of destruction, slaughter, sacrifice, and necromancy these weapons were wrested from the hands of the evil and turned - as symbols - against the ultimate root of evil, the self-cherishing conceptual identity that gives rise to the five poisons of ignorance, desire, hatred, pride, and jealousy. That which in the Makha district is an illusory battle with the barbarians is no battle. [80] These elements function in a cyclical fashion, similar to how cosmological elements also have their cyclical movements. It can also be another way of describing sunyata (emptiness), which is also present everywhere. The Jonang tradition has survived and is now officially recognized by the Tibetan Government in exile as a fifth school of Tibetan Buddhism. is to be seen as being the mandala and deities. [26] Regarding the outer or external aspect of conventional reality, the wheel of time refers to the passage of days, month, and years (as well as the cycles of the zodiac) while with regard to the individual or inner aspect, it refers to "the circulation of pranas [vital airs] within the wheel of the nadis [subtle channels] in the body," which is linked with the 12 aspects of dependent origination and the 12 signs of the zodiac. Fragments of the original tantra have survived; the most significant fragment, the Sekkodesha, was commented upon by Naropa. Stas Pylypets/Stocksy. [59] Because the Vaisnava and Saiva Dharmas promote class prejudice (jati-vada), create a false sense of identity based on caste, and thus create social divisions, the Klacakra tradition admonishes Buddhist practitioners not to admire or follow these Dharmas. But in reality, the entire cosmos, with Meru in its center, is a cosmic body of the Jina, a cosmic image or reflection (pratima) of the Buddha, having the nature of form. He expelled all these heretics from his dominions but they accepted Buddhism and pleaded that they be allowed to return. MSRP : $40 child, $50 youth. The goddess is expressed as Dakini Shakti, which is also the source of kundalini, the fire serpent of creative energy that represents your drive. [45], However, even though all beings have this enlightened awareness, it is not actualized if one does not ascertain it and this entails the absence of mental afflictions or impurities which block recognition of enlightened awareness. The female energy Kakini Shakti embodies spiritual purity through this Chakra. Along with King Suchandra, ninety-six minor kings and emissaries from Shambhala were also said to have received the teachings. But in the end, because maya (the illusory world) is mentioned in this context, it is possible to imagine that what happens in the outer world indeed is an illusion, but it still has a certain value of reality. They equate victory in battle to the attainment of liberation and the defeat of Mara (Death).[78]. ed, by Edward A. Arnold on behalf of Namgyal Monastery Institute of Buddhist Studies, fore. It is the vajra-yoga that is non-differentiated from emptiness and compassion. [105] The first part of this stage is also known as deity-yoga (devata-yoga). Youve almost definitely heard the New Age character on TV or in a movie talk about someones chakras being blocked. Tenga Rinpoche was also a prominent Kagyu holder of the Klacakra; he gave the initiation in Grabnik, Poland in August, 2005. In Rajasthan and Gujarat, she is venerated as Dandini.. Varahi is more commonly venerated in the sect of the Goddess . [56] The Klacakra system is unique in that it is the only Buddhist tantra that explores these social and caste issues at length. The sacred Buddhist text reinforces the concept that human beings are creatures with a physical body - used to eat, run, walk, stay in the world - but with . The fight is really in the body and is a way of liberation in the Buddhist sense. The seven chakras are: Root. [20] The phrase "as it is outside, so it is within the body" (yatha bahye tatha dehe) is often found in the Klacakratantra to emphasize the similarities and correspondence between human beings (inner Klacakra) and the cosmos (outer Klacakra), as well as with the enlightened Klacakra mandala of deities (alternative Klacakra). Indeed, according to the Klacakratantra, generation stage practice is based on one's understanding of emptiness, and thus should only be done once one has had some realization into emptiness. If chakras interest you beyond the above breakdown, you can find information about chakra balancing and realignment. That means the anahata has six qualities in one. 10. The seven chakras were seen as spinning wheels of energy that ran along the spine. Since it is non-dual with emptiness, it is empty of inherent existence.[43]. With regard to ultimate reality, they are the five types of the Buddha's gnosis manifesting as the. Butn Rinchen Drup had considerable influence on the later development of the Gelug and Sakya traditions of Klacakra while Dlpopa and Trantha were the main figures who developed the Jonang tradition on which the Kagyu, Nyingma, and the Tsarpa branch of the Sakya draw. [41] It is the Dharmadhatu, which is the primordially unoriginated beginning (adi) or atemporal source (yoni) of all phenomena. That form of emptiness, also known as the "empty form," is also regarded as the "animate emptiness" (ajada-sunyata). The Klacakratantra maps the various features and developmental processes of the world system to various features of the human body. Yoni mudra: Bring the . The chakras were also said to be connected to different glands and organs in the body. Yantras are used for the worship of deities in temples or at home; as an aid in meditation; used for the benefits given by their supposed occult powers based on Hindu astrology and tantric texts. The Nyingma and Kagyu rely on the Klacakra works of Jamgon Ju Mipham Gyatso and Jamgon Kongtrul, both of whom took a strong interest in the Jonang Klacakra tradition. Those with a blocked crown chakra may seem narrow-minded, skeptical, or stubborn. See additional information. Both of these involve a sadhana on sexual bliss, most often done with an imagined consort or "gnosis-consort" (jnana-mudra). According to Wallace, this refers to "the innate gnosis that pervades the minds of all sentient beings and stands as the basis of both samsara and nirvana. Chakra ( cakra in Sanskrit) means "wheel" and refers to energy points in your body. The Dark Mother in all her love and ferocity will guide you through transformation by dissolving all forms and time. essence) and is not an independent phenomenon, but one which is dependent on conditions (a classic Madhyamaka position). The positive qualities ascribed to the different Chakras such as love, intuition, and courage are also attributed to Hindu deities. Hence Kalratri (same energy associated with the Destructive Forces of Kali, Mahakali, Chamunda, Chandi and Durga) is the Feminine Keeper of Time, Dark Goddess of The Night/ Darkness. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [95] Lamrimpa also notes that one must have some understanding of emptiness before receiving initiation. According to Vesna Wallace, the Klacakra tradition has a unique interpretation of emptiness which is not just a mere negation of inherent existence (svabhava), but also refers to "the absence of material constituents of the individual's body and mind." Klartr She is 4 handed, carrying a Khadga and Vajra whilst showing Varad and Abhay Mudrs. Klk I have written about M already. In 1988 he traveled to the United States, giving the initiation and complete instructions in the practice of the six-branch Vajrayoga of Klacakra according to the Jonangpa tradition in Boston. [117] During the practice of the subtle yoga, a drop of purified bodhicitta enters the secret chakra and ascends up the central channel generating the four blisses and transforming the four drops into the four bodies of the Buddha. Each of these seven main chakras has a corresponding number, name, color, specific area of the spine from the sacrum to the crown of the head, and health focus. Its the middle of the seven chakras, so it bridges the gap between our upper and lower chakras, and it also represents our ability to love and connect to others. Klacakra ( Tibetan: , Wylie: dus kyi 'khor lo) is a polysemic term in Vajrayana Buddhism that means "wheel of time" or "time cycles". People who have trouble listening to reality (who seem to know it all) or who are not in touch with their intuition may also have a block. A different one may resonate with you tomorrow. Yantra ( ) (literally "machine, contraption" [1]) is a geometrical diagram, mainly from the Tantric traditions of the Indian religions. KALI - She's recognized in many different traditions across the globe in different forms. She will transform you. The third eye chakra governs our ability to see and understand the truth beyond the physical world, to see the world through an intuitive lens, and to connect with our inner . Generation stage (bskyed rim) practices generally consist of meditative visualizations, mainly of oneself as the Klacakra deity in union with his consort Visvamata, and of the Klacakra mandala and attendant deities. "[51], Similarly, there is an ambiguity in the way the deity Klacakra is explained in the tantra. Kali is not an energy to invoke lightly but from personal experience, I can say she will make changes in your life where they are needed. Klacakra also refers to a specific deity who appears as a fierce multi-armed blue deity in sexual union (yab-yum) with a consort called Visvamata (or Klacakri). Rakini Shakti is the aspect of the goddess ruling the Sacral Chakra, embodying self-expression. Throat Chakra ( Vishuddhi) - Sacred Language 2.6. In 59 BCE he abdicated his throne to his son, Purika, and died soon afterwards, entering the sabhogakya of Buddhahood.[126]. Then they meditate on empty form. The six families are the five psycho-physical aggregates and their emptiness; and in terms of society, they are the four castes and the classes of Dombas and Candalas. The initiation may be received simply as a blessing for the majority of those attending, however, many of the more qualified attendees do take the commitments and subsequently engage in the practice. Elaborate interpretations on Lalit Sahasranma, Lalit Triat and Soundarya lahar are already available in this site. (August 2022) The Sri Chakra, frequently called the Sri Yantra, represents the goddess in her form of Shri Lalitha or Tripura Sundari Part of a series on Hinduism Hindus History Timeline Origins Traditions Deities Concepts Practices Philosophical schools Gurus, sants, philosophers Texts Society Other topics Glossary Outline Hinduism portal v t e A corrupt teacher however is conceited, angry and greedy. The Adibuddhatantra (i.e. The four families corresponds to uterine blood, semen, mind, and gnosis; to body, speech, mind, and gnosis; to the four drops (bindu); to the four states of the mindnamely, waking, dreaming, deep sleep, and the fourth state; to the sun, moon, Rahu, and Agni (Ketu), and in terms of society, they are the four castes. Without these foundational Buddhist elements (which are shared with common Mahayana), tantric practice will not bear fruit. [31], Thus, Klacakra refers to the manifestations of cyclic existence and nirvana, as well as its causes. [128] He then disseminated the Klacakra teachings in India. This is best done by building the image up, adding the details as you concentrate. (1982), One Hundred Blazing Lights ('od rgyan bar ba) and Meaningful to See (mthong ba don ldan), correspondence between macrocosmic processes and microcosmic processes, saw conflicts with Islamic Ghaznavid invaders, https://www.shentongkalacakra.com/kalacakra-2/the-seventeen-lineages-of-the-six-vajra-yogas-by-jetsun-taranatha/, "Tibetans head to Leh to participate in 34rd [, As Long As Space Endures: Essays on the Kalacakra Tantra in Honor of the Dalai Lama, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Extensive Klacakra section by Alexander Berzin on Study Buddhism, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalachakra&oldid=1154756527. What Are the 7 Chakras and How Can You Unblock Them? As noted by Wallace, the Klacakratantra holds that "only Madhyamikas who assert the nonduality of compassion and emptiness avoid philosophical failure."[34]. b). [76] Alexander Berzin also notes that Tibetan sources mention the "barbarians" slaughtering cattle while reciting the name of their god, the veiling of women, circumcision, and five daily prayers facing their holy land, all of which leaves little doubt that the prophecy part of the text is referring to Muslims. The initiations include a series of ritual acts, meditations and visualizations. These religious systems are of course, reinterpreted in new ways. It rules our personal power, will, and autonomy, as well as our metabolism. Associated with red. [37] Thus, the Klacakra tradition stresses the importance of not avoiding sexual bliss, but using it on the path, since it is a kind of facsimile of the realization of emptiness and it produces mental joy. The 2nd and 3rd Jamgon Kongtrul (19541992) were also prominent Klacakra lineage holders, with the 3rd Jamgon Kongtrul giving the initiation publicly in North America on at least one occasion (Toronto 1990).[140]. Last medically reviewed on October 4, 2016. This system has a close connection to previous Indian systems of six phased yogas, the first of which appears in the Maitri Upanishad. [16] The content of the five chapters is as follows:[17], In the Klacakratantra's cosmology, samsara (cyclic existence) is made up of innumerable Buddha fields and of the five elements or properties (characterized by origination, duration and destruction). Klacakra and thus all have the potential for Buddhahood. Lopon Tsechu performed Klacakra initiations and build Klacakra stupa in Karma Guen buddhist center in southern Spain. Youve possibly heard them mentioned in yoga class. The seven major chakras run from the base of your spine to the top of your head . Heres what experts have to say about Calm and if its right for you. Ganesh is the elephant god who removes all obstacles. Chilupa is said to have set out to receive the Klacakra teachings in Shambhala, along the journey to which he encountered a manifestation of Majur, who gave him the Klacakra initiation. The Klacakra deities represent the aspects of Buddhahood: the non-dual (advaya) union of compassion and emptiness, the union of praja and upaya, as well as the mahasukha (great bliss) of enlightenment. Meaning: Om. When your throat chakra is blocked or misaligned, you may have issues with creativity and communication. [142] Symbolism researcher Robert Beer writes the following about tantric iconography of weapons and mentions the charnel ground: Many of these weapons and implements have their origins in the wrathful arena of the battlefield and the funereal realm of the charnel grounds. What chakra is Kali associated with? The flag's width-to-length ratio is 2 to 3. SarahWayt 2018-2023 All rights reserved. Each chakra was associated with a different color, element, and emotion. Why does Kali Dance on Shiva? "[24] The tantra also states that "all six states of transmigratory existence are already present within every individual," and this is related to the doctrine of the three gunas. Her ten major forms are Kali, Tara, Shodasi, Bhuvaneshvari, Bhairavi, Chinnamasta, Dhumavati, Bagala, Matangi and Kamala. Its likely that one resonates with you more than any others as a continuous problem, a chakra where you often deal with blocks. It depicts a mythic reality whereby cosmic and socio-historical events correspond to processes in the bodies of individuals. The seven main chakras are supposedly stacked upwards on top of one another along the spine, starting with the root chakra at the base of the spine; the sacral chakra just below the belly button; the solar plexus on the upper abdomen; the heart chakra at the . Then follows the meditation on the mandala and of oneself as the deities. ri Chakra Navvaraa Pj. But that doesnt mean you know what they are. As one would expect, this chakra is connected to our ability to communicate verbally. the Muladhara Chakra Goddess of the Muladhara Chakra: The Goddess and Shakti, or power of this chakra, is kin, one of the faithful attendants of the Goddess Kali. She is the energy current inside of you that is wild, empowered and all loving. [21], The tantra's section on cosmology also includes an exposition of Indian astrology. Mantra meditation is a form of meditation that is found in the contemplative tradition of yoga and involves the timed . Reading what is actually written in the text, it is said that the fight in the outer world is not going to take place. They are interconnected and they influence each other.[21]. [135] Jonang is particularly important in that it has preserved this complete Klacakra system (which has now entered other schools like Kagyu and Nyingma). Thus, awakening comes about through the purification of the pranas.[46]. In his domain lived 300, 510 mleccha barbarians with heretical beliefs in Nimai sinta (sun). Klacakra (Tibetan: .mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}, Wylie: dus kyi 'khor lo) is a polysemic term in Vajrayana Buddhism that means "wheel of time" or "time cycles". Wallace 2001, p. 150. When this reality manifests itself as numerous phenomena, it is called samsara. [114], The development of "divine pride" is based on some understanding of the emptiness of inherent existence of the deities that one is identifying with. then the great goddess lifted a long sword and loudly said " " and cut the head of the demon general by holding his head by his hair's. The chakras were first mentioned in ancient Vedic and Tantric texts, some of the oldest Hindu writings, dating from 1500 to 500 B.C. Furthermore, some passages of the Klacakratantra describes the holy war against the barbarians from a microcosmic perspective as taking place within the body and mind of the Buddhist practitioner. "[50] The Klacakra literature also refers to an Adibuddha who has been awakened since beginningless time, "without beginning or end". The latter two, both of whom also held the Dro lineage, are particularly well known expositors of the Klacakra in Tibet, the practice of which is said to have greatly informed Dlpopa's exposition of shentong philosophy. This means its related to our self-esteem and self-confidence. Heart Chakra ( Anahata) - Shine On 2.5. Chakra means wheel, circle, and solar disk, and is an attribute of the Hindu god Vishnu. ", Reigle, D. Kalacakra Sadhana and Social ResponsibilitySpirit of the Sun Publications 1996, This page was last edited on 14 May 2023, at 13:20. What is Chakra Yoga? 1. [30] Meanwhile, positive events such as the defeat of "the barbarian Dharma" (i.e. As such, it is similar to the Nirmanakaya of the Buddha. The first one is the idea that there is a being who was "the first to obtain Buddhahood by means of the imperishable bliss characterized by perfect awakening in a single moment. What are chakras? It is believed to be the seat of intuition, perception, and spiritual insight. Learn more about how to. [77], According to the Klacakratantra, the battle with the barbarians will be an "illusory battle". In Thy delirious joy Thou dancest, clapping Thy hands together! "[33], The philosophical view of the Klacakratantra is undoubtedly that of the Mahayana Buddhist Madhyamaka school, and the text attempts to refute all other Buddhist and non-Buddhist systems. According to Wallace, the Klacakratantra states that "one should look at the triple world as similar to space and as unitary. Invite spiritual well-being with these sacred scents. Majurkrti is said to have been born in 159 BCE and ruled over Shambhala and 100,000 cities. A critical edition of the original Sanskrit text of the Klacakratantra was published by Biswanath Banerjee in 1985 based on manuscripts from Cambridge, London and Patna. Throat chakra problems can also lead to. In the texts, it is obvious that the inner fight has a higher value of truth than the outer. "[83], According to Gen Lamrimpa: "The Klacakra Tantra emphasizes the attainment of a buddha body by means of the empty form body, which is used to attain immutable bliss, the mind of a buddha. Regarding the Adibuddha, the tantra states: To the one embraced by the Bhagavati Praja, the one who is aspectless although possessing aspect; to the one who has the bliss of the unchanging and who has abandoned the pleasures of laughter and so forth; to the progenitor of the Buddhas, without origination and annihilation, possessing the three bodies, rightly knowing the three times - the omniscient Bhagavan Paramadhibuddha, I worship that very non-duality. Moreover, the Klacakra tradition's preference for explicitly presenting its specific tantric views is a result of its openly professed conversionary endeavors. The second chakra is associated with the element of water. Do this practice on its own, add more poses with the accompanying 10-minute video sequence, or link all of the yamas and niyamas together, one pose as a time, forming a sequence. [49], Vesna Wallace notes that in this tantra, the Adibuddha is spoken of in two distinct ways. [65] According to Wallace, the interrelatedness and mutual pervasiveness of the various components of the individual's mind and body represent the social and ethnic integration of a socially and ethnically mixed society."[66]. In Hinduism, she is a form of the female primordial energy known as shakti. She is fierce. Thou art the Mover of all that move, and we are but Thy helpless toys. She bestows moksha or liberation. Chakra (cakra in Sanskrit) means wheel and refers to energy points in your body. Those who are free of the afflictive and cognitive obscurations nondually perceive the world as the form of emptiness in a nondual manner; that is, they perceive the world as an inseparable unity of form and emptiness. In the chakra system, these patterns have specific terms and there are recommended treatments. One of the main promoters of Klacakra in Tibet were scholar-yogis of the Jonang school, such as Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen (12921361) and Trantha (15751634). They are a complex and ancient energy system that originated in India. To contact your Chakra deity you should meditate on the image of the deity and try to visualise it in your mind. [62] This practice of social equality was also not meant to be limited to ritual contexts, as seems to have been the case within Saiva tantra. It is from here that our base instincts arise; the need to survive or the fight or flight reflex. Harnessing the power of this dark goddess is useful for activists and all women. . Learn how it spreads, how doctors treat it, and how you can prevent TB disease. Visualise the clothes the deity is wearing. It is considered the chakra of enlightenment and represents our connection to our lifes purpose and spirituality. The 7 major chakras run from the base of your, When your throat chakra is off-balance, you may experience negative symptoms related to communication and self-expression. Conventionally speaking, this refers to the cycles of the planets, to the cycles of human breathing and subtle energies in the body. The second method, which is characteristic of the stage of completion (sampatti krama), draws upon the experience of imperishable bliss and the direct perception of the innately pure nature of one's own mind, which is devoid of grasping onto any identity. [125] He did this while supposedly bilocating (appearing in two places at once) at the same time as he was also delivering the Prajpramit sutras at Griddhraj Parvat in Bihar. Third-Eye Chakra ( Ajna) - I See 2.7. They note how he transformed himself into Klacakra when he taught the tantra to Sucandra, the king of Shambala. Solar Plexus Chakra ( Manipura) - Fire Center 2.4. According to Eastern tradition, the human body is composed of many levels of "subtle" energy. The Klacakratantra summarizes its fundamental doctrines in the following passage: Identitylessness, the maturation of karma, the three realms, the six states of existence, the origination due to the twelve-limbed dependence, the Four Truths, the eighteen unique qualities of the Buddha, the five psycho-physical aggregates, the three bodies and the Sahajakaya, and animate emptiness. It affects your confidence, trust in life and self-esteem. [112], According to Geshe Lharampa, the main objective of the generation stage is to dispel ordinary appearances and ordinary conceptions. These provide a sociological theory which forms the framework for the Klacakratantra's ideas on history, prophecy and soteriology. First visualise the god or goddess as a majestic seated figure. Om Kali Ma!". Muladhara: The Root Chakra - located at base of the spine. The Klacakra thus passed directly to the kingdom of Shambhala, where it was held exclusively for hundreds of years. The 14th Dalai Lama's 33rd Kalachakra ceremony was held in Leh, Ladakh, India, from July 3 to July 12, 2014. [67], According to John Newman, the Buddhists who composed the Kalacakratantra likely borrowed the Hindu concept of Kalki and adapted the concept. Courtney Sullivan, Certified Yoga Instructor, 9 Ways to Help Heal and Balance Your Throat Chakra, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, Essential Oils for Chakras: Balance and Heal with Sacred Scents, 2023 Calm Review: We Tested the Popular Meditation App. [57], The Klacakra tradition saw attachment to caste and family as spiritual blocks and Klacakra texts warn against social discrimination, which is based on this attachment and has negative effects on one's practice of the path.
Addison Grove Apartments, Articles W