Christian mediation helps reinforce the truth of God's Word in believers' hearts so that they remember it and live by it. In this understanding, samatha steadies, composes, unifies and concentrates the mind, while vipassana enables one to see, explore and discern "formations" (conditioned phenomena based on the five aggregates). [55] Dhyana in this ancient Hindu text, states Huston Smith, can be about whatever the person wants or finds spiritual, ranging from "the manifestation of divinity in a religious symbol in a human form", or an inspiration in nature such as "a snow-covered mountain, a serene lake in moonlight, or a colorful horizon at sunrise or sunset", or melodic sounds or syllables such as those that "are intoned as mantras and rhythmically repeated" like Om that is audibly or silent contemplated on. See 6.1.4 of Taittiriya Samhita, 3.2 of Aitareya Aranyaka, 8.11 of Satapatha Aranyaka, sections 5.18 through 5.24 of Chandogya Upanishad. Frits Staal (2009), Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights, Penguin. Hinduism Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for followers of the Hindu religion and those interested in learning more about Hinduism. 14, No. [34] In early Brahamical yoga, the goal of meditation was considered to be a nondual state identical to unmanifest state of Brahman, where subject-object duality had been dissolved. Forschende Komplementarmedizin, Vol. 6, 2006, pp335-343. 5, September/October 2004, pp335-340. Patrick Olivelle (1999), Dharmasutras, Oxford World Classics, Oxford University Press. Meditation is a key component of Hinduism Moksha frees the soul from the struggles and pain of the material world, and liberates the soul from the endless cycle of life, death, and rebirth. [10] A 2015 study, including subjective and objective reports and brain scans, has shown that meditation can improve controlling attention, as well as self-awareness. Why do Buddhists meditate? - BBC Teach Most prominent has been the transmission of Asian-derived practices to the West. Analysis of recent literature concerning relaxation and imagery interventions for cancer pain. And utterly false. [1] [2] [3] [4] [web 1] [web 2] Meditation is practiced in numerous religious traditions. Just take a moment, to breathe. [55], The history of meditation is intimately bound up with the religious context within which it was practiced. This is a state of calm and focus that you can achieve by practicing Dharana. The key word here is energising. When this happens, one develops dispassion (viraga) for all phenomena, including all negative qualities and hindrances and lets them go. Here is another passage where he expands on that idea: And the ideal is to carry this poise into everyday life. Tantra ( / tntr /; Sanskrit: , lit. Fly on, fly on. Google also implements mindfulness, offering more than a dozen meditation courses, with the most prominent one, "Search Inside Yourself", having been implemented since 2007. Om is believed to be the primal sound vibration of the universe. 15, No. [126], Western Christian meditation contrasts with most other approaches in that it does not involve the repetition of any phrase or action and requires no specific posture. Muslim teachings embrace life as a test of one's submission to God. Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Motilal Banarsidass. Dictionaries give both the original Latin meaning of "think[ing] deeply about (something)";[web 2] as well as the popular usage of "focusing one's mind for a period of time",[web 2] "the act of giving your attention to only one thing, either as a religious activity or as a way of becoming calm and relaxed",[web 3] and "to engage in mental exercise (such as concentrating on one's breathing or repetition of a mantra) for the purpose of reaching a heightened level of spiritual awareness. "[48][note 7] Yet, Shear also states that "automatic self-transcending" also applies to the way other techniques such as from Zen and Qigong are practiced by experienced meditators "once they had become effortless and automatic through years of practice. Expanded Updated edition. [70][71] The earliest clear references to meditation are in the middle Upanishads and the Mahabharata (including the Bhagavad Gita). [10] There is insufficient evidence for any effect of meditation on positive mood, attention, eating habits, sleep, or body weight. Beacon Press, 2009. The mandala is basically a representation of the universe, a consecrated area that serves as a receptacle for the gods and as a collection point of universal forces. [1] All the while similiar traditions developed within Zoroastrianism in Persia under the label daena. [171][172][173], Because of the different combinations used under the one term, it can be difficult to attribute positive or negative outcomes to any of the various techniques. Weigensberg M.J., Lane C.J., Winners O., Wright T., Nguyen-Rodriguez S., Goran M.I., Spruijt-Metz, D. Acute effects of stress-reduction Interactive Guided Imagery (SM) on salivary cortisol in overweight Latino adolescents. [77] A mantra could be either a combination of core letters or words on deity or themes. 12, No. [212][213], Research on the processes and effects of meditation is a subfield of neurological research. 11, No. Mantrayana in Hinduism often has a devotional aspect: the meditator visualizes the deities of mantra during practice. [note 10]. [10] Modern scientific techniques, such as fMRI and EEG, were used to observe neurological responses during meditation. According to Sarbacker and other scholars, while there are parallels between Dhyana in Hinduism and in Buddhism, the phenomenological states and the emancipation experiences are described differently. [13][14], Dhyna (Sanskrit: , Pali: ) means "contemplation, reflection" and "profound, abstract meditation". [47], Beyond the early Upanishads composed before 5th-century BCE, the term Dhyana and the related terms such as Dhyai (Sanskrit: , deeply meditate)[48] appears in numerous Upanishads composed after the 5th-century BCE, such as: chapter 1 of Shvetashvatara Upanishad, chapters 2 and 3 of Mundaka Upanishad, chapter 3 of Aitareya Upanishad, chapter 11 of Mahanarayana Upanishad, and in various verses of Kaivalya Upanishad, Chulika Upanishad, Atharvasikha Upanishad, Brahma Upanishad, Brahmabindu Upanishad, Amritabindu Upanishad, Tejobindu Upanishad, Paramahamsa Upanishad, Kshuriki Upanishad, Dhyana-bindu Upanishad, Atharvasiras Upanishad, Maha Upanishad, Pranagnihotra Upanishad, Yogasikha Upanishad, Yogatattva Upanishad, Kathasruti Upanishad, Hamsa Upanishad, Atmaprabodha Upanishad and Visudeva Upanishad.[12]. Similarly the finite in me [135] Similarly, the chotki of the Eastern Orthodox denomination, the Wreath of Christ of the Lutheran faith, and the Anglican prayer beads of the Episcopalian tradition are used for Christian prayer and meditation. [100], Asamprajnata Samadhi, states Jianxin Li, may be compared to the arupa jhanas of Buddhism, and to Nirodha-Samapatti. Meditation is silence, energising and fulfilling. Alternative Therapies, Vol. [236], Difficult experiences encountered in meditation are mentioned in traditional sources; and some may be considered to be just an expected part of the process: for example: seven stages of purification mentioned in Theravda Buddhism, or possible unwholesome or frightening visions mentioned in a practical manual on vipassan meditation.[237]. She stood quite still, centre-stage, held total silence for a couple of minutes. Aryeh Kaplan has argued that the ultimate purpose of Kabbalistic meditation is to understand and cleave to the Divine. Saint Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, 2012. Crangle states, "Buddhists denied the authenticity of any claim by non-Buddhists to the attainment of the ninth state which is the release of Nirvana: the destruction of consciousness and sensation which was specifically a discovery of the Buddha". It is an exercise for the mind just as physical exercise works for the body. The History and Origins Mindfulness - PositivePsychology.com 400 CE),[61] a key text of the Yoga school of Hindu philosophy, Dhyana is the seventh limb of this path, following Dharana and preceding Samadhi. Consequently, guided meditation cannot be understood as a single technique but rather multiple techniques that are integral to its practice. What is Hindu meditation called? Dead air. [67], In Patanjali's Raja Yoga, also called "meditation yoga",[68] dhyana is "a refined meditative practice", a "deeper concentration of the mind", which is taken up after preceding practices. Kent, D., "Zenventures: Unwind your Imagination with Guided Meditation". US Department of Health and Human Services. [37][38] Open monitoring methods include mindfulness, shikantaza and other awareness states. [142][143][144], Dhikr (zikr) is a type of meditation within Islam, meaning remembering and mentioning God, which involves the repetition of the 99 Names of God since the 8th or 9th century. Meditation is that listening, attentively and in silence, to the voice of the Absolute within us. Hinduism: Hindu Meditation - Reflections on Meditation - BBC Psycho-oncology, Vol. Samadhi: expanded consciousness. Read more. Traditional Daoist meditative practices were influenced by Chinese Buddhism from around the 5th century and influenced Traditional Chinese medicine and the Chinese martial arts. [100], Taoist meditation has developed techniques including concentration, visualization, qi cultivation, contemplation, and mindfulness meditations in its long history. The basic objective of meditation is to attain oneness of the practitioner's spirit ( atman with) omnipresent and non-dual almighty ( Paramatma or Brahman ). What is meditation? Masters Thesis. Meditative postures or meditation seats are the body positions or asanas, usually sitting but also sometimes standing or reclining, used to facilitate meditation. [92] Moksha (freedom, liberation) is one such practice, where the object of samyama is Sattva (pure existence), Atman (soul) and Purusha (Universal principle) or Bhagavan (God). ", "Meditation in association with psychosis", "Unpleasant meditation-related experiences in regular meditators: Prevalence, predictors, and conceptual considerations", "Sitting with the Demons Mindfulness, Suffering, and Existential Transformation", "Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice", "Meditation practices for health: state of the research", "Mindfullness and Mindlessness in Early Chan", "Is mindfulness Buddhist? Claims the vast sky. When I meditate, God talks and I listen". It allows for loving service to God and unites Hindus in their pursuit of moksha . Counseling, Psychotherapy, and Health, Vol. [127][128][129][130], On April 28, 2021, Pope Francis, in an address to the General Audience, said that meditation is a need for everyone. What is Om mantra meditation? - Definition from Yogapedia [60], Some religions have traditions of using prayer beads as tools in devotional meditation. Health Science Journal, Vol. Table of Contents show Dhyna (Sanskrit: ) in Hinduism means contemplation and meditation. We can talk endlessly, argue, discuss, debate. [3][note 1] Dhyana, states Sagarmal Jain, has been essential to Jaina religious practices, but the origins of Dhyana and Yoga in the pre-canonical era (before 6th-century BCE) is unclear, and it likely developed in the Sramanic culture of ancient India,[4] Several ramaa movements are known to have existed in India before the 6th century BCE (pre-Buddha, pre-Mahavira), and these influenced both the stika and nstika traditions of Indian philosophy. The Buddhist literature has many stories of Enlightenment being attained through disciples being struck by their masters. [200] Researchers have found that participating in mindfulness meditation can aid insomnia patients by improving sleep quality and total wake time. [121] In the Roman Empire, by 20 BCE Philo of Alexandria had written on some form of "spiritual exercises" involving attention (prosoche) and concentration[122] and by the 3rd century Plotinus had developed meditative techniques. He speaks to the bird, tries to coax it, but it makes not a sound. [220] For meditators who have practiced for years, breath rate can drop to three or four breaths per minute and brain waves slow from alpha waves seen in normal relaxation to much slower delta and theta waves. Meditation is one of the. Sleep, Vol. How is meditation practiced in Hinduism? [Answered!] - Wellbeing Port [web 2][note 5] It is the "locus classicus"[60] of the "Hindu synthesis"[60] which emerged around the beginning of the Common Era,[60] integrating Brahmanic and shramanic ideas with theistic devotion. Teasdale, J. D., Emotion and two kinds of meaning: Cognitive therapy and applied cognitive science. "exist; be present; survive") has a sense of "to cause to exist; to make present" in the meditation techniques popularized by the Taoist Shangqing and Lingbao Schools. [67], Neuroscientist and long-time meditator Richard Davidson has expressed the view that having a narrative can help the maintenance of daily practice. "[103], The (c. 3rd century BCE) Taoist Zhuangzi records zuowang or "sitting forgetting" meditation. Transcendental meditation is often confused with Vedic meditation, a type of Hindu meditation. This practice is usually performed in a seated position in person and with eyes closed.
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