Tungabhadra riveris the tributary of the Krishna river. Tungabhadra Dam is the lifeline of six districts prone to recurrent drought: Bellary, Koppal, and Raichur in Karnataka (often known as the rice bowl of Karnataka), and Anantapur, Cuddapah, and Kurnool in neighbouring Andhra Pradesh. For this purpose, QRF, a non-parametric method, is used to post-process the ensemble streamflows (Meinshausen 2017). The river Tungabhadra gets its name from the confluence of two streams in Shimoga, the Tunga and the Bhadra, near Koodli. The historical FDC is plotted in, The uncertainty contribution of different sources obtained from 3-way ANOVA for the near future (20212060) and far future (20612100) is plotted in, The QRF post-processing is further applied to the generated future streamflows for 20202100 under all SSPs and the changes obtained after and before the post-process are shown in, River basin profile Tungabhadra Sub-Basin Karnataka, ACIWRM and WRD, Karnataka state government, Karnataka, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65114-w, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2359-3. Broadly, the biophysical context of the Tungabhadra basin can be . It is one of the major tributaries of the Krishna River. The entropy method allocates weights based on the amount of information that is available and how important the indicators are with respect to that information. A detailed description of the underlying equations in the IHACRES model can be found in Post & Jakeman (1996). The thrips fauna of California is remarkable in that eight of the nine extant families are represented here. GCM with higher uncertainty given the first rank and GCM with the least uncertainty given the last rank. The results of the analysis suggest that QRF post-processed flows efficiently capture the majority of the flows and can be used to reduce the uncertainty in the generated streamflows. In this study, 20 ensemble members generated by 5 GCMs and 4 HMs were forced as predictors for post-processing the spread of historical ensemble streamflows under each SSP. The extreme diversity of the state's landforms is best illustrated by the fact that Mt. 2.0 Literature Ramu, B.Mahalingam and P.Jayashree, (2013) have conducted morphometric analysis of Tungabhadra drainage basin based on secondary source i.e. 1 Context of the Tungabhadra Sub-basin Tungabhadra, shared by the two southern states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, is a tributary of the larger river system Krishna. 2013). " River " Feb 2020 Wade across to the other side or take a boat for 20Rs. The total catchment area of the river is 69,552km2 (26,856 Sq miles) up to its confluence with Krishna and it is 28,177km2 (10,880 Sq miles) up to Tungabhadra Dam. Video explaining all the details about TungaBhadra River Basin - in English - from Advanced Centre Integrated Water Resource Management The results of the study suggest increasing precipitation and runoff, with decreasing evapotranspiration. SIMHYD is a simple lumped conceptual rainfall-runoff model and different hydrologists have tested the applicability of the model on various catchments (Chiew et al. The performance of HBV, being a lumped model, was equally good as SWAT in simulating streamflows. The Bhadra rises at Samse in the Kudremukh Aroli Hill range. The gridded daily precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature data are obtained from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). The Tungabhadra River is a river in India that originates in the Western Ghats and flows through the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The stream order of the basin is form first order to sixth order , where the total number of the streams for the basin is 2580 out of which 1326 are first order 643 are second order 378 are the third order, 120 are the fourth order,78 are the fifth order streams and 35 are the six is order. The catchment area of the river is 69,552 km, SWAT is a physics-based semi-distributed hydrological model with a wide variety of applications and it was developed by the United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Services (USDAARS) and Agricultural Experiment Station in Temple, Texas. The result showed a decrease of about 30% in water yield. This study focuses on quantifying the uncertainty in the ensemble streamflow projections introduced by multiple GCMs and multiple HMs. These quality articles are brought to you by Vandna Phogat, IFS Officer, Your email address will not be published. The selected metrics along with their equation ranges and ideal values are mentioned in Table2. Models IHACRES and SIMHYD performance might not match well with the other models mentioned before but their performance in simulating future streamflow cannot be ignored owing to the fact that model structure is one of the major sources of uncertainty. Furthermore, the groundwater levels in Vedavati sub-basin are depleting due to over-exploitation attributable to scanty rainfall and surface water availability (WA). Hampi one of the important heritage locations being listed by UNESCO is on the banks of the Tunga Bhadra River. 2016). A detailed description of group decision-making methodology can be found in Srinivasa Raju et al. (2020) reported that precipitation from CMIP5-based models projects a decline of about 1.3114.57% in the Tungabhadra Basin. The parameters of the HMs are fine-tuned to match the observed discharge during the period 19751993. The Vijayanagara canal network is monitored by the Hampi World Heritage Area Management Authority since it is partially inside the sites boundary. One of the major problems and concerns associated with TB Dam is that it has been undergoing a lot of siltation. Hydrological assessment of the Tungabhadra Basin using CMIP6 GCMs and multiple hydrological models. The daily precipitation dataset is available at a spatial resolution of 0.25 0.25 (Pai et al. 2013; Singh et al. The river Tungabhadra derives its name from the Tunga, and the Bhadra, and confluence of the two streams at Koodli in Shimoga. the SRTM data. The results of the present study are useful in framing adaptation strategies such as enhancing irrigation efficiency, managing water demand, and installing water harvesting schemes considering the future WA in the Tungabhadra Basin. The modified basins subject to critical conditions of overdraft are shown on the California's Critically Overdrafted Basins map and are presented in California's Groundwater - Update 2020 (Bulletin 118). 286 reviews #13 of 64 things to do in Hampi Bodies of Water Write a review What people are saying By dnandagopal " Great Dam and River flowing through the Hampi city. Regular fish kills that have depleted Tungabhadras fisheries have negatively affected the livelihoods of rural fishermen. The Tungabhadra River is a river in India that starts and flows through the state of Karnataka during most of its course, before flowing along the border between Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and ultimately joining the Krishna River near Gundimalla village in Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana. About 4% of the basin area is urban. From here the Krishna continues east to empty into the Bay of Bengal. Many rivulets and streams join these tributaries. In a contrasting classification, Bhatti (1994, 2006) has divided the Thysanoptera into two separate Orders and recognized about 40 families; that system is mainly about the levels at which groups should be classified, rather than about . It is formed by the confluence of two rivers, the Tunga River and the Bhadra River, which flow down the eastern slope of the Western Ghats in the state of Karnataka at an altitude of about 1,196 m. Remote sensing, Geographical information system (GIS), Land sat TM, land sat 8, supervised image classification, Tungabhadra River basin [1]. Within the Basin and Range Province, the relief is abrupt and the basins normally range from 4,000 to 5,000 feet (1,200- 1,500 m), while most of the mountain ranges climb 3,000 to 5,000 feet (900-1,500 m) above the basins. km). The ensemble streamflow projections were generated using four hydrological models, five climate models, and four climate scenarios to illustrate the associated uncertainties. In QRF, conditional quantiles and median values of the response variable are estimated for high-dimensional predictors. After entering Andhra Pradesh, it flows through Mantralaya and then through Kurnool. The Tungabhadra Dam was constructed at Hosapete in the middle of the 20th century to harness the river water, aiding the growth of agriculture and industry in the region. Basin-level hydrological studies assist policymakers and end-users in implementing better adaptation strategies for improved water resources management under climate change. 2016). Both rivers originate at Gangamoola in Varahaparvatha hills located at the Western Ghats, at an elevation of 1,198 m above mean sea level (MSL). The performance of both EnSF and QRF-EnSF is not satisfactory in capturing the streamflow extremes (extremely low and high values of streamflows). Hampi is a famous UNESCO World Heritage site and a historic village located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River close to Hospet. Can I get pdf of this article in printable form? Parameters used in the selected hydrological models along with their range and fitted value. ; India is known as the sacred country of rivers and river systems. CP computes the distance between alternatives and the ideal solution using a distance-based measure, To quantify the uncertainty present in future streamflows, the ANOVA technique was used in the present study. California is the only state in the US with an extensive seacoast, high mountains, and deserts. Global climate change has altered the intensity and frequency of hydro-climatological extremes (Yuan et al. [citation needed], An important feature of the river banks is the flood protection walls all along the rivers, constructed by Sri Krishna Devaraya between 1525 and 1527AD. 2015b; Anil et al. Tungabhadra Sub-Basin Karnataka Advanced Centre for Integrated Water Resources Management (ACIWRM) Water Resources Department (WRD) 1 River Basin Profile Tungabhadra Sub-Basin Karnataka. The main objective of this study is to account for the uncertainties in the future streamflow projections of the Tungabhadra Basin generated from multiple GCMs and multiple HMs for different future scenarios. tributaries, the Bhima River from the north. Districts ofBellary, Chitradurga, and Davanagere are all situated in the sub-basin, while Haveri, Davanagere Koppal, Shivamogga, and Chikamaglur districts are also mostly inside the Tungabhadra river basin. Another dam was constructed at Lakkavalli about 15 kilometres (9.3mi) upstream of Bhadravati across the River Bhadra. The settlement is located amid the ruins of the historic capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, the city of Vijayanagara. Along the canal near Hampi, a third power plant with an installed capacity of 27 M.W. The runoff generation mechanism consists of a non-linear and linear module, where the former converts rainfall to effective rainfall, and the latter routes the effective rainfall. More than 100 tributaries, streams, creeks, rivulets and the like contribute to the two rivers. The first of them is located to the left in Munirabad (Karnataka) and has a capacity of 27 M.W. Despite transient tule marsh areas, the area is dry and the valley summer heat is intense. Performance evaluation metrics of hydrological models during the calibration and validation periods. "[4] This is the contribution of just one city which, unlike Bhadravathi and Hospet, cannot boast of being an industrial city. In terms of SS, all four models exhibit similar performance during both calibration and validation periods, with the HBV model exhibiting slightly better performance. Tulare Lake Basin, Kettleman Hills, Kings River, Kaweah River, Kern River, Tule River, Tulare Lake, Kern Lake, Buena Vista Lake. There are five Wildlife Sanctuaries and one National Park in the Tungabhadra basin: Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhadra Tiger Reserve, Shettyhalli Wildlife Sanctuary, Daroji Bear Sanctuary, Ranebennur Black Buck Sanctuary, and Kudremukh National Park. (2017). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The surface runoff is estimated using a negative exponential function of soil wetness, and the interflow and base flow are estimated as linear functions of soil wetness and groundwater storage, respectively. Industry and mining on the rivers banks in Karnatakas Chikkamagalur, Shimoga, Davangere, Haveri, Bellary, Koppal, and Raichur districts, and Andhra Pradeshs Kurnool and Mahaboobnagar districts (nearly all the districts along the rivers course) create massive volumes of effluent. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) initiated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has coordinated and compiled the simulation from climate model experiments obtained from various modelling teams worldwide. Then it joins the Krishna near Gundimalla Village of Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana state. ; A river basin is an area that accumulates precipitation in order to drain water from water outlets. into the Tulare drainage basin including the beds of the former Tulare, Buena Vista, and Kern Lakes. Uncertainty in climate projections during the monsoon period was appraised and results show that the overall increment in PP projections ranges from 10.43 to 222.5% and QQ projections range from 34.50 to 377.7% in the monsoon season. Mishra et al. The wedge of land that lies north of the Tungabhadra River, between the Tungabhadra and the Krishna, is known as the Raichur Doab. The subbasin is In this study, future climate projections (precipitation, maximum, and minimum temperature) obtained from CMIP6-based, bias-corrected 13 GCMs for all 4 scenarios (i.e., SSP-126, SSP-245, SSP-370, and SSP-585) for the future period of 20152100 and historical projections for the period 19752010 were also extracted for the study area (Mishra et al. The barrage was reconstructed by Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy as Tungabhadra Barrage, to provide irrigation for Kadapa district. 2020). The paper examines the case of Tungabhadra sub-basin in south India and finds that it has made little progress in practical terms with regard to intra- and inter-sectoral allocation of water. The Tungabhadra River is a river in India that originates in the Western Ghats and flows through the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Context 1 . The PBIAS value of SWAT is lower (between 5%) than that of other models, whereas the bias in HBV simulated flow is within acceptable limits. They are found wherever there is a possibility of land erosion during the floods. The Tungabhadra River is aconfluence of two riversthat run east: theTunga and the Bhadra. Economic and Political Weekly The hyper-parameters such as the maximum terminal node size are set to 20 with a tree size of 1,000. The river is also a popular destination for tourists, who come to enjoy the scenery and wildlife. Originally, it was intended to be used for navigation during the British Raj. It is challenging to assign weights to individual GCMs based on past performance and create a weighted ensemble mean. Location map of the Tungabhadra River Basin along with digital elevation model. Hence, using multiple model structures is essential to account for the uncertainties in future streamflow projection. Industrial pollution has damaged the Tungabhadra River. applied InVEST annual water model to the Tungabhadra river basin, India from 1971 to 2000 and discussed the impact of climate change on annual water yield. Correlation between the uncertainty in climate variable and hydrological components for HBV model for all four scenarios. It starts at Sringeri and ends at Kurnool, just few kilometres from its mouth. [citation needed], There are many holy places all along the rivers: primarily temples of Saiva cult on the banks of the Bhadra and all the cults on the banks of the Tunga. Hence from there, the composite name Tungabhadra was given. The Tungabhadra barrage gave rise to three canal systems: The catchment area of the Tungabhadra river basin, up to its merger with the Krishna river in Telangana, is 71,417 square kilometres, accounting for 27.6% of the Krishna Basin area (259,077sq. It is 347 kilometres long and irrigates about 60,000 hectares of land in the Bellary and Kurnool districts; Tungabhadra High-Level Canal is 196 kilometres long and irrigates approximately 1.82 lakh hectares of land in the Bellary and Anantapur districts. The future streamflows generated using multiple GCMs, multiple HMs, and multiple scenarios are highly uncertain with a high ensemble spread. Request Permissions, S MANASI, INGRID NESHEIM, K J JOY, SUHAS PARANJAPE, K V RAJU and NAGOTHU UDAYA SEKHAR, Published By: Economic and Political Weekly. SSPs and HMs individual contributions are negligible. 1 Physical Features - General Information 1.1 Name of River basin (also indicate regional Tungabhadra (it is formed by the confluence of rivers names); Tunga and Bhadra in the state of Karnataka). 2017). Assigning weights based on the representation of history requires a comprehensive knowledge of the model's performance (Curry & Webster 2011). Virupaksha Temple is also on the banks of the Tunga Bhadra River. Computation of the instantaneous unit hydrograph and identifiable component flows with application to two small upland catchments, Evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence methods, and their applications in water resources engineering: a state-of-the-art review, Regionalization study of a conceptual hydrological model in Dongjiang basin, south China, Robust increase of Indian monsoon rainfall and its variability under future warming in CMIP6 models, Predicting changes in monthly streamflow to Karaj dam reservoir, Iran, in climate change condition and assessing its uncertainty, Getting the right answers for the right reasons: linking measurements, analyses, and models to advance the science of hydrology, Challenges in combining projections from multiple climate models, Uncertainty assessment of hydrologic and climate forecast models in Northeastern Brazil, The role of hydrological model complexity and uncertainty in climate change impact assessment, Formulation of wavelet based multi-scale multi-objective performance evaluation (WMMPE) metric for improved calibration of hydrological models, On the verification of ensemble precipitation forecasts over the Godavari River basin, Assessment of hydrologic impacts of climate change in Tunga-Bhadra river basin, India with HEC-HMS and SDSM, The shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions to 2500, Development of the HBV-TEC hydrological model, Bias-corrected climate projections for south Asia from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-6, Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations, Hydrologic and water quality models: Performance measures and evaluation criteria, Development of a new high spatial resolution (0.25 0.25) long period (1901-2010) daily gridded rainfall data set over India and its comparison with existing data sets over the region, Impacts of climate change on precipitation and discharge extremes through the use of statistical downscaling approaches in a Mediterranean basin, Relationships between catchment attributes and hydrological response characteristics in small Australian mountain ash catchments, Uncertainty of hydrological modelling in climate change impact studies in a Canadian, snow-dominated river basin, An overview of the extratropical storm tracks in CMIP6 historical simulations, Ranking of global climate models for India using multicriterion analysis, Review of approaches for selection and ensembling of GCMS, The shared socioeconomic pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: an overview, Teaching hydrological modeling with a user-friendly catchment-runoff-model software package, Multicriteria evaluation approach for assessing parametric uncertainty during extreme peak and low flow conditions over snow glaciated and inland catchments, Ranking general circulation models for India using TOPSIS, Ranking of CMIP5-based global climate models for India using compromise programming, Development of a high resolution daily gridded temperature data set (1969-2005) for the Indian region, Toward a statistical framework to quantify the uncertainties of hydrologic response under climate change, Calibrated ensemble forecasts using quantile regression forests and ensemble model output statistics, Comparison of hydrological models for the assessment of water resources in a data-scarce region, the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Rainfall-runoff modelling across southeast Australia: datasets, models and results, Evaluation and integration of reanalysis rainfall products under contrasting climatic conditions in India. has been constructed. where and represent the observed and simulated discharge values, respectively, and is the mean observed discharge, n represents the total sample size of data, represent the frequency of simulated and observed streamflows for a particular bin. 2020). In addition, the relationships between the quantities of uncertainty in the ensemble projections of the climate variables and hydrological components were then investigated to see which climate variables (precipitation, maximum, and minimum temperature) exerted the most significant influence on the hydrological prediction uncertainty. 2020). Other temples include Horanadu. Tungabhadra Damis a 2,441-meter-long and 49.39-meter-tall dam. The volumetric error is measured using PBIAS and the match between observed and simulated frequencies is measured using SS, and MAE yields the unbiased error estimate. Agriculture is single most important type of land use in the basin. 2006; ACIWRM & WRD 2012; Chanapathi et al. Very large boulders of 3' x 4' x 5' are also used in its construction. He took rest on the region now known as Varaha Parvatha. The Bhadra Dam or Lakkavalli Dam, which has created the Bhadra Reservoir, is located on the Bhadra River a tributary of Tungabhadra River. The Sangameswaram Temple (Dedicated to Shiva) is present in Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh. Following the confluence, the river runs for approximately 531 kilometres northeasterly until joining the Krishna River in Kurnool. The calibrated parameters were used to generate the future projections during 20152100, using the best-performing GCMs under four climate scenarios. Future climate projections are generally obtained from the outputs of state-of-the-art tools called global climate models (GCMs), which represent the atmospheric processes through distinct mathematical expressions (Gouda et al. Climate. It is influenced chiefly by the South-West monsoon. The uncertainties in the future streamflow projections generated with the help of climate model outputs propagate from model structures, sub-grid parameterizations and their simplification of processes, various forcing scenarios, initial conditions, and choice of downscaling methods (Zhang et al. The uncertainty in the climate projections obtained from GCMs varies over different months, recommending improved GCM simulations for reliable basin-level impact assessment studies (Her et al. Also find news, photos and videos on tungabhadra river basin. Hence, assessing the WA under changing climate scenarios is a crucial issue in this basin. A diagnostic evaluation of the performance of all the selected HMs is conducted using a set of metrics. A framework to quantify the uncertainty contribution of GCMs over multiple sources in hydrological impacts of climate change, A review on climate-model-based seasonal hydrologic forecasting: physical understanding and system development, Analysis of streamflow variations in the Heihe River Basin, northwest China: trends, abrupt changes, driving factors and ecological influences, Impact of projected climate change on the hydrology in the headwaters of the Yellow River basin, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, National Centre for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, EC-EARTH consortium published at Irish Centre for High-end Computing, Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research, NashSutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (NSE), Logarithmic NashSutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (logNSE), Fourth Root Mean Quadrupled Error (R4MS4E), DDF Degree day factor (mm/C/time step), Tr Threshold temperature above which precipitation is rain (C), Ts Threshold temperature below which precipitation is snow (C), Tm Threshold temperature above which melt starts, LPrat Parameter related to the limit for potential evaporation, FC Field capacity, i.e., max soil moisture storage (mm), BETA The non-linear parameter for runoff production, Lsuz Threshold storage state, i.e., the very fast response starts if exceeded (mm), cperc Constant percolation rate (mm/time step), bmax Maximum base at low flows (time step), Croute Free scaling parameter (timestep, Sub Constant of proportionality in interflow equation, Crak Constant of proportionality in groundwater recharge equation, tau_s Recession coefficient for Soil Storage discharge (days), tau_q Recession coefficient for quick flow (days), v_s Fraction of effective rainfall that goes to groundwater, V_ALPHA_BF.gw Baseflow alpha factor (day, V_GW_DELAY.gw Groundwater Delay from soil to channel (days), V_GWQMN.gw Threshold depth of water in the shallow aquifer required for return flow to occur (mm of H, V_ESCO.hru Soil evaporation compensation factor. For instance, the indicator R4MS4E puts more emphasis on peak flows, whereas logNSE is sensitive to low flows. For more than five decades EPW has remained a unique forum that week after week has brought together academics, researchers, policy makers, independent thinkers, members of non-governmental organisations and political activists for debates straddling economics, politics, sociology, culture, the environment and numerous other disciplines. Tributaries of Krishna River. The model fitted during the calibration period is extrapolated to post-process the ensemble streamflows during the validation period. It is filled when water is let into the canals during the rainy season. The second power plant at Hospet has eight 9 M.W. The Westside Subbasin consists mainly of the lands in Westlands Water District. It implies that the daily projections obtained from the GCMs vary drastically leading to high variations in the projected streamflow values. [5], Temples on the banks of Tungabhadra river, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tungabhadra_River&oldid=1163896130, The Huligema Temple on the banks of the Tungabhadra River at. 2012; Singh et al. 2013, 2016; Janga Reddy & Nagesh Kumar 2020; Venkatesh et al. Owing to siltation, the capacity has come down by about 30 tmcft. However, no study has been reported on assessing the uncertainty in the future streamflow at the Tungabhadra Basin using multiple GCMs and HMs. 2013; Singh et al. Moreover, the water usage in the Tungabhadra Basin is low leading to unreliable allocation to all the users. Dr. Thirumalai Iyengar constructed it in 1953. Whitney (14,494 ft/4,419 m), the highest point in the contiguous US, is situated no more than 80 mi (129 km) from the lowest point in the entire country, Death Valley (282 ft/86 m, below sea level). HBV is a lumped conceptual rainfall-runoff model, developed by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) for runoff simulation and hydrological forecasting in the early 1970s (Bergstrom 1975). The ensemble spread has been reduced after the QRF post-processing application. The Tungabhadra River, which is the result of the union of two rivers - the Tunga River and the Bhadra River - is the river's most important tributary. 1990; Chiew et al. Sringeri, Sarada Peetham established by the Adi Shankaracharya is the most famous one on the left bank of the Tunga, about 50km (31mi) downstream of its origin.
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