how was the badain jaran dunes formed

Acta Geologica Sinica 56, 8391 (2001). OSL dating Pattern of mega-dune growth 1. Dome Dunes. (1959). In: McKee ED (ed) A study of global sand seas, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, pp 305397, Bristow CS, Bailey SD, Lancaster N (2000) The sedimentary structure of linear sand dunes. Quaternary International 219, 3744, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.10.029 (2010). Both ends (about 30mm) of the sediment in the tube that were thought to be exposed were excluded in OSL dating. Till date, the formation of megadunes can only be speculated subjectively or based on a few weak evidences because it is not feasible to study megadunes like ripples and dunes (Dong et al., 2013). 3) The relationship between the advancement rate and height confirmed previously for dunes is extended to complex reversing megadunes. London: Routledge. However, its development is unfavorable as the formation mechanism is highly differentiated by bedform scale, a behavior of nonlinear dynamical system (Phillips, 1992). Vassallo, R., Ritz, J. F., Braucher, R. & Carretier, S. Dating faulted alluvial fans with cosmogenic 10Be in the Gurvan Bogd mountain range (GobiAltay, Mongolia): climatic and tectonic implications. Because most datasets started after 1960, only the wind records from 1960 to 2015 were used to evaluate the temporal variation in the aeolian transport potentials. Landscape Evolution and Palaeoclimate in the Deserts of Northwestern China, with a Special Reference to Badain Jaran and Taklamakan. doi:10.1029/2019GL085147, Sarnthein, M., and Walger, E. (1974). Earth-like Sand Fluxes on Mars. Follow us on social media to add even more wonder to your day. Dong, Z., Qian, G., Luo, W., Zhang, Z., Xiao, S., and Zhao, A. (London: Hodder and Stoughton 1943). Geology 39, 10311034, https://doi.org/10.1130/g32296.1 (2011). Quaternary dust source variation across the Chinese Loess Plateau. Aeolian Research 17:113, Zhang ZC, Dong ZB, Wen Q, Jiang CW (2015c) Wind regimes and aeolian geomorphology in the western and southwestern Tengger Desert, NW China. Beadnell, H. J. L. (1910). Therefore, the present study attempts to estimate the advancement rate of megadunes in the Badain Jaran Sand Sea by means of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating that can provide accurate dates of aeolian sediments (Yu and Lai, 2012). 2) relating the movement rate and height has been derived for transverse dunes (Simons et al., 1965). Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Al-Masrahy MA, Mountney NP (2013) Remote sensing of spatial variability in aeolian dune and interdune morphology in the Rub Al-Khali, Saudi Arabia. The megadunes generally are 200300m tall, with the tallest megadune exceeding 400m. These megadunes are classified as complex reversing megadunes developed from compound barchanoid megadunes, with their crests running from northeast (35) to southwest (215) (Dong et al., 2009), almost perpendicular to the resultant drift potential. Contributions of modern Gobi Desert to the Badain Jaran Desert and the Chinese Loess Plateau, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37635-y. The wind tunnel experiments and the particle size analysis showed that the averaged sand fractions (50~2000 m in diameter) and loess-sized fractions (<50 m in diameter) were 93.9% and 6.1%, respectively. In this study, the function forms of pattern parameters varying with the dune construction time are established, according to the natural evolution of a dune field in the duration of over 10years. AL revised the manuscript and designed and did the field work. 2023 Atlas Obscura. Nature 406:5659, Bristow CS, Duller GAT, Lancaster N (2007) Age and dynamics of linear dunes in the Namib Desert. Z. Geomorphol. Beijing: Science Press. The sand sea is bounded to the south by the Heli Mountains, the Beidai Mountains, and the Heishantou Mountains that separate it from the gobis (gravel deserts) of the Hexi Corridor, to the north by the Guezihu wetland, which merges with the black gobis and plains of Mongolia, to the southeast by the Yabrai Mountains, which separate it from the Tengger Desert, and to the west and northwest by the flat lowlands of the Gulunai grassland. Sand Dune Movement in the Victoria Valley, Antarctica. Quantitative reconstruction of regional paleotemperature is the key to understanding temperature change and its driving mechanisms. Geomorphology 135(12):108116, Yang Y, Qu Z, Shi P, Liu L, Zhang G, Tang Y, Hu X, Lv Y, Xiong Y, Wang J, Shen L, Lv L, Sun S (2014) Wind regime and sand transport in the corridor between the Badain Jaran and Tengger deserts, central Alxa Plateau, China. Complex factors may influence the movement of sand dunes but the factors that influence the advancement of megadunes in the Badain Jaran Sand Sea due to the absence of vegetation and the underlying obstacles (Dong et al., 2009). Sci. However, based on the calculation of potential transport rates, the changes in wind regime, and the formation and development of the Gobi Desert, there might be some differences between the estimated and actual time to form the current dimensions of the BJD and CLP and further researches are expected to fill the gaps with more precise estimation. (2004). doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.011, Zhang, Z., Dong, Z., and Li, C. (2015). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1972.tb00020.x, Yan, M., Guangqian, W., Baosheng, L., and Guangrong, D. (2001). Main Desert areas exhibit a wide range of regular dune patterns that are the most recognizable landscapes resulting from aeolian activity on Earth and other planetary bodies. Geomorphology 99(14):186204, Dong Z, Wang T, Wang X (2004) Geomorphology of the megadunes in the Badain Jaran Desert. OSL dating was carried out in the Shaanxi Normal University (Wang et al., 2021). If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. FIGURE 5. doi:10.1038/nature11022, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Chen, J. S., Li, L., Wang, J. Y., Barry, D. A., Sheng, X. F., Gu, W. Z., et al. In this study, 133 phytolith samples were collected as proxy indicators from lacustrine sediments of the Zhunzhahanjilin (ZZH) profile in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert, China. Taste of Greece: Culinary Traditions & Ancient Ruins, The Kingdoms of Andalusia: Secret Gardens and Haunted Palaces, Monster of the Month w/ Colin Dickey: Freemasons, Antiques and Their Afterlives at the Armour-Stiner Octagon House, Monster of the Month w/ Colin Dickey: Spring-Heeled Jack, Life Without Light: Creatures in the Dark With Sarah McAnulty, Making Scents: Experimental Perfumery With Saskia Wilson-Brown, The Truth About Sharks With Melissa Cristina Mrquez, Designing Soft Circuits & E-Textiles With Linh My Truong, Get Real: Defining Reality With Ashley Christine, Sea Cucumber Crime Is a Thing, and This Is Where Its Happening, Wonder Is Everywhere: The Mystery of Blood Falls, a Carrier Pigeon Comeback, and More from Around the Web, The Best of Our Listeners' Magical Summer Memories, How the Pandemic Transformed Argentinas Yerba Mate Traditions, http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=84773, https://water.tallyfox.com/discussions/mysterious-lakes-badain-jaran-desert-located-china-and-mongolia, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1755-6724.12266_13/pdf, http://www.foreignercn.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=7939:badain-jaran-desert&catid=39:inner-mongolia&Itemid=123, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/716394.shtml, http://throughthedragongate.com/2013/08/08/sandstorm/. Journal of Arid Land 8(5):670680, Liu S, Lai Z, Wang Y, Fan X, Wang L, Tian M, Jiang Y, Zhao H (2016) Growing pattern of mega-dunes in the Badain Jaran desert in China revealed by luminescence ages. A 200mm long and 50mm wide stainless tube was inserted to the sediment core to obtain OSL samples. It is well known that the Gobi Desert is the dominant source area of the Badain Jaran Desert (BJD) and the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). It is therefore deduced that wind is predominantly responsible for the development of megadunes in the Badain Jaran Sand Sea. FIGURE 4. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Like Atlas Obscura and get our latest and greatest stories in your Facebook feed. The tallest stationary dunes on Earth also happen to sing. Deposition of Transverse Dune Mountains in Badain Jaran Desert. 4) The advancement of megadunes adds more evidence to support the fact that the development of megadunes in the Badain Jaran Sand Sea is controlled dominantly by wind rather than other factors such as the underlying relieves, ground water, etc. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Cosmic ray Contributions to Dose Rates for Luminescence and ESR Dating: Large Depths and Long-Term Time Variations. Geology 23(12):11071110, Werner BT (1999) Complexity in natural landform patterns. Many sand belts with an orientation of NW-SE, which is similar to that of the prevailing sand-transporting winds, connect the BJD with the TD and UBD, forming . All these dune types may occur in three forms: simple, compound, and complex . Cable, M. & French, F. The Gobi Desert. The Badain Jaran Dunes are found in Badain Jaran Desert in Mongolia, China. PhD thesis, University College London, Ning WX, Wang ZT (2018) Analysis of morphological parameters of mega-dunes in the southeast of badain jaran desert. The moisture content was measured by oven drying method. Wind tunnel experiments were performed in the Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. A jeep for two days, one night is around 2000 RMB (jeeps can hold up to 4 people). Pattern analysis and dating for the Badain Jaran dune field, northwestern China. In May 2023, Frontiers adopted a new reporting platform to be Counter 5 compliant, in line with industry standards. Beijing: Science Press. 87Sr/86Sr ratios, 14C, 13C and mineral compositions of calc-sinters, and 3He/4He, 4He/20Ne, 18O, D, pH and TDS of water from springs and lakes are analyzed in detail. Acta Geographica Sinica 56 (1), 8391. Thirdly, evidence from megadune advancement combined with previous morphometric features proves that the development of megadunes is controlled dominantly by wind rather than other factors such as the underlying relief and ground water as proposed previously (Dong et al., 2009). The average total transports of the 12 samples under wind velocity of 8 to 22ms1 spanned between 6.06 and 152.65gm2, and when considering the proportions of fine fractions (<50 m in diameter) in transported materials, the average sand transports under wind velocity of 8 to 22ms1 varied between 5.66 and 143.59gm2 (Fig. Springer, Berlin, Mischke S (2005) New evidence for origin of Badain Jaran Desert of Inner Mongolia from granulometry and thermoluminescence dating. FIGURE 3. In addition, the lacustrine sediments13 and some alluvial fans14,15 developed in the west and northwest of the desert also provided sand sources for the BJD. The European Physical Journal E 42:42, Parteli E, Kroy K, Tsoar H, Andrade J, Pschel T (2014) Morphodynamic modeling of aeolian dunes: Review and future plans. In combination with other morphometric evidences, it exemplifies the assumption that the development of megadunes is predominantly controlled by wind rather than other factors such as the underlying relief and ground water, as accepted by most researchers. Other researchers point to factors such as precipitation and snow-melt in certain areas, given that Inner Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture faces intense winters. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.07.023, Dong, Z., Wang, X., and Chen, G. (2000). doi:10.3969/j.issn.10017410.2009.04.16. doi:10.1029/2008GL035921, Wang, H., Huang, C. C., Pang, J., Zhou, Y., Cuan, Y., Guo, Y., et al. However, the time span they cover is different, implying that the megadunes have different advancement rate. 335. The environmental radioactivity and OSL dating results of the three megadunes are listed in Table 2. In fact, the stoss beddings are preserved much less in fossil aeolian sand. Scientific Reports 9(1):985, Werner BT (1995) Eolian dunes: Computer simulations and attractor interpretation. Long, J. T., and Sharp, R. P. (1964). doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.10.015, Dong, Z., Qian, G., Lv, P., and Hu, G. (2013). FIGURE 1. However, for complex factors, the descriptions of the sand dune dynamics in the BJD and investigations on the contribution of the BJD to the formation of the Tengger Desert (TD) and the Ulan Buh Desert (UBD) are lacking. Quaternary Geochronology 5, 107113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2009.06.002 (2010). (2009). 1 according to a principle illustrated by the inserted diagram in Figure 1. 1964. See. Earth-Science Reviews 111(34):319334, Huntley DJ, Godfrey-Smith DI, Thewalt MLW (1985) Optical dating of sediments. A light wind can form ripples on a sand surface in just minutes. 7). Physical Review Letters 71(19):32303233, Werner BT, Kocurek G (1997) Bed-form dynamics: Does the tail wag the dog? Recent observations reveal that the megadune-lake system exists as a unique local air circulation with radiation of wind from lake throughout the year (Figure 3, unpublished data), resulting climbing sands on the slipfaces, retarding advancement, and heightening of megadunes. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb00869.x. Quaternary International 104(1):99112, Yang X, Scuderi L, Liu T, Paillou P, Li H, Dong J, Zhu B, Jiang W, Jochems A, Weissmann G (2011) Formation of the highest sand dunes on Earth. They are a geographical anomaly that has been fascinating visitors for years. However, uncertainty still exists on the size-movement curve at either extreme of the size range. Scientific Reports Quaremary Aeolian Sand Mapping in Saudi Arabia, Using Remotely-Sensed Imagery. 6 [M]. However, due to the absence of quantitative analyses, there are nearly no exact assessments of its actual contribution. The curves in Figure 5 represent a function Vd = a+b/H, where a and b are regressive coefficients. doi:10.1029/2006JF000500, Pelletier, J. D. (2009). volume9, Articlenumber:985 (2019) Our result demonstrates that one of the dunes is formed since ~62 ka, with two phases of superposed dunes dated to 26~32 ka and modern time. Megadunes with such height as those observed in the Badain Jaran Sand Sea are supposed to move at such a low rate that it is almost negligible. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 177:240249, Day M, Kocurek G (2018) Pattern similarity across planetary dune fields. McFadden, L. D., Wells, S. G. & Jercinovich, M. J. Influences of eolian and pedogenic processes on the origin and evolution of desert pavements. & Dorjnamjaa, D. Quaternary alluvial fans in the Gobi of southern Mongolia: evidence for neotectonics and climate change. The longest time span that the advancement rate represents is less than 3ka. The Badain Jaran Desert features the highest megadunes on Earth, and a unique megadune-lake alternation landscape. Therefore, this study attempts to obtain information regarding the movement of megadunes in the Badain Jaran Sand Sea that features the tallest megadunes on the Earth (Wang et al., 2020). Science 360(6392):992997, USGS (2018) Earth explorer. The Hydrological Geology of the Western Inner Mongolia. Palaeoclimatol. This reversed crest zone is the most active part of the megadune, and migrates back and forth in response to variations in wind direction. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Geol. Trees emerge from the surface of this small man-made reservoir. Xunming Wang. Understanding sand dunes activity and dynamics not only is relevant to the studies of aeolian processes and the morphological development of different dune types but also has considerable implications for the recognition and interpretation of dunes to which further significance can be linked with paleoclimatic studies (Thomas, 1992). . (1996). Res. The content of U, Th, and K of the OSL dating samples was measured by neutron activation method in China Institute of Atomic Energy. S7. to alluvial fan western of the BJD, which is much longer than most of the known ages of the BJD (Supplementary InformationS11). Badain Jaran is famous for a vast field of megadunes, which tower between 660 to 980 feet (200 to 300 meters) high. Star dunes form as a result of wind blowing sand from different directions. The advancement rate of megadunes at the order of meter per hundred years is much slower than the dunes commonly observed. No purchase necessary. The Badain Jaran desert in western Inner Mongolia in China has a unique landscape that contains 72 lakes, with a total water surface area of 23 km 2, and the world's highest stationary sand. (Beijing: Peking University Press 1999). An ideal location for the large-scale pattern analysis test is the Badain Jaran desert where the tallest terrestrial aeolian dune occurs. The direction and length of the rose diagram represent dune orientation and frequency, respectively. Combinations of field investigations, wind tunnel experiments, and wind field analyses revealed that the potential erosion depth on modern Gobi Desert varied between 0.41 and 0.89mm a1. 6. Formation of the Highest Sand Dunes on Earth. Sci Rep 9, 985 (2019). Professional Paper. Therefore, assuming that the Gobi Desert is the sole source of the sand and loess, it will at most take 103.4 ka and 6,269.0 ka (i.e., theoretical time) to reach the modern dimensions of the BJD and CLP, respectively (Table2). 41571006 and 41630747). Journal of Quaternary Science 12, 239252 (1997). Roughly 50% of the lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert are salt lakes. Two necessary conditions for a lake are water and basin. Price excludes VAT (USA) Beijing: Science Press. Consider supporting our work by becoming a member for as little as $5 a month. Firstly, monitoring the movement of megadunes is very difficult largely because they are supposed to move at a rather slow rate. The OSL dating method proves to be a good alternative to estimate the slow advancement rate such as that of the megadunes due to failure of the conventional methods. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31(9):11761191, Ewing RC, McDonald GD, Hayes AG (2015) Multi-spatial analysis of aeolian dune-field patterns. It features the highest megadunes on Earth Breed et al., 1979, Zhu et al., 1980, beautiful interdune lakes and mysterious booming sands. This is also verified by sedimentary structures of the megadunes, which are dominated by slipface beddings inclined towards the advancement direction and lack the gently-inclined stoss beddings (Yang, 2001; Li et al., 2009). However, it can test existence of the underlying relief, as the underlying bedrock should be exposed due to the megadunes advancement.
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