wakayama arsenic poison case

Barium was an impurity element of Ca for Ts milk can (6), because it was water soluble; calcium was due to the cement. The symptoms caused by heavy metal pollution (including As) are often nonspecific. Buchet J.P., Lauwerys R., Roels H. Urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and its metabolites after repeated ingestion of sodium metaarsenite by volunteers. Studies using somatosensory-evoked potentials showed that the prolongation of the central sensory conduction time, which indicates sequelae in the CNS, may remain even after more than 40 years post-As exposure [50]. MeSH In the Wakayama poisoned curry incident in July 1998, 67 inhabitants were killed or injured by eating arsenic-laced curry at a neighborhood summer festival in Wakayama, a local city 400 km southwest of Tokyo. The mechanism involved in the oxidation and reduction of As is shown. [Occupational chronic arsenical poisoning. Med Sci Law. The most If saline water like the sea water about one litter was poured into another green 50-kg can, and then dried, sodium concentration could be explained, but the sea water should take the mass ratio Na:Mg:Ca=100:12:4, which was significantly different from the ratio in Table2. In animal experiments, As exposure reduced the expression of the neurofilament protein and induced destabilization and disruption of the cytoskeletal framework which may eventually lead to the axonal degeneration of peripheral nerves [42]. In fact, in the case of the Wakayama curry-poisoning cases, the majority of the children were in the process of recovery approximately 1 week to 10 days after the high dose As-contaminated curry intake, whereas the poisoning symptoms in adults were exacerbated [77]. Trivalent As inhibits enzyme complexes through ROS. Since 1974, Miyazaki prefecture has been conducting medical examinations for residents in the district, and according to the data, subjective symptoms such as sensory disturbances, skin lesions, upper airway symptoms, hearing impairments and dizziness have been present in over 85% of chronically exposed patients [5]. 1. Wurstle M.L., Laussmann M.A., Rehm M. The central role of initiator caspase-9 in apoptosis signal transduction and the regulation of its activation and activity on the apoptosome. FOIA It has been speculated that the cleavage of p35 is caused by calpain activation, which is induced by Ca2+. Arsenic and diabetes and hypertension in human populations: A review. Islam K., Haque A., Karim R., Fajol A., Hossain E., Salam K.A., Ali N., Saud Z.A., Rahman M., Rahman M., et al. Careers. In rats, As trioxide significantly decreased the activity of serum acetylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner [46]. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Neufeld and Scheck [59] launched Innocence Project early 1990s and many death row prisoners were released from jail. [41]. Significantly distorted hexagon means different roots, such as the paper cup (1). 2017 Feb;39(1):43-62. doi: 10.1007/s10653-016-9806-4. Between the Wakayama incident on July 25, 1998, and the accusation of the suspect on December 29, 1998, many copycats were appeared mimicking poisoning [18], as mentioned above, using different chemicals, such as sodium azide, pesticides, and cyanide. The detection limit of arsenic at KEK-PF was worse than 90 ppb, and thus the SR-XRF analysis results contradicted with the AAS results. When to suspect poisoning Poisoning signs and symptoms can mimic other conditions, such as seizure, alcohol intoxication, stroke and insulin reaction. In addition, reliance on the excavation of deep strata when mining rare metals has increased human contact with heavy metals. The As concentration in the milk was 47 mg/L (40007000 ppb) [56]. Therefore, many academic research papers on Wakayama murder case were published, which discussed the relation of the subway sarin attack. Ishii N., Mochizuki H., Ebihara Y., Shiomi K., Nakazato M. Clinical Symptoms, Neurological Signs, and Electrophysiological Findings in Surviving Residents with Probable Arsenic Exposure in Toroku, Japan. The toxicity of these metabolites were investigated in Chang human hepatocytes using a lethal dose, 50% (LD50) in the three cytotoxicity assays (LDH, K+ and XTT) [21]. Such one-time error in five measurements can be detected by the distortion: very sensitive to different root. Lipid peroxidation in workers exposed to aluminium, gallium, indium, arsenic, and antimony in the optoelectronic industry. EP01 - The Wakayama Poisoning Incident from True Crime Japan Podcast on Podchaser, aired Sunday, 1st May 2016. Mitra AK, Bose BK, Kabir H, Das BK, Hussain M. J Health Popul Nutr. These are tabulated in Tables1 and 2. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. 8600 Rockville Pike 2016 The Author(s). At the As polluted area, there is often contamination with other toxic heavy metals such as lead, manganese, cadmium, chromium, uranium, and copper [49,54,79] which may have compounding effects on As contamination. This study was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI, Grant Number 18K10052 (HM). Biologic: A case in which elevated urinary arsenic levels (>50 g/L for a spot or >50 g total for a 24-hour urine) exist, as determined by commercial laboratory tests. Unraveling the mechanism of neuroprotection of curcumin in arsenic induced cholinergic dysfunctions in rats. Volcanic eruptions can also affect heavy metal exposure, and together, these causes dramatically increase the chances of human contact with heavy metals in amounts far above acceptable thresholds for human health. An official website of the United States government. Before A review of the enzymology of arsenic metabolism and a new potential role of hydrogen peroxide in the detoxication of the trivalent arsenic species. The forensic analysis of SPring-8 was just 1 year after it became in use. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. In the crust, it often exists in its trivalent atomic state, inorganic As (III), together with other metals such as copper, lead, and iron. Bookshelf Arsenosugar and/or arsenobetaine are other concerning forms of As that people may be exposed to when eating algae or seafoodthese forms are excreted in the urine. Felix K., Manna S.K., Wise K., Barr J., Ramesh G.T. Results: When considering the effects of As on humans, the degree of injury varies depending on the route, concentration and duration of exposure, the total amount, and the target organ. Published online by . Barium is not a light element but was found in several arsenic oxide evidences. Unfortunately, four of those people died. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Forensic analysis using SR-XRF analysis was reported [2529]. Using a relative scale, with the toxic level of DPAA defined as 1, the levels of As (III), As (V), MMA (V) and DMA (V) were 96, 5.8, 0.18, and 1.0, respectively. Arsenic poisoning, accidental or deliberate, has been implicated in the illness and death of a number of prominent people throughout history. The Crime. Based on these fact, Osaka Electro-Communication University and Hiroshima University, who performed forensic analysis according to the order of judge in 2001, concluded that paper cup arsenic oxide (1) was identical to either Ms brown tupper (5) or Ts milk can with the probability of 80% [47]. In this review, we describe not only the research on As toxicity, but also clinical aspects and case studies with the goal to make this review useful to physicians who examine patients with arsenicosis as well as to researchers. Therefore, CNS damage due to As may occur easily in children. One of the most important mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity of As is its ability to cause oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction [29,30]. Wasserman G.A., Liu X., Parvez F., Ahsan H., Factor-Litvak P., Kline J., van Geen A., Slavkovich V., Loiacono N.J., Levy D., et al. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The case is closed. It is still not well known whether some embryos or fetuses were included within 63 or not, because the personal data is not open. Despite these levels, the area most prescient for researchers remains As contamination of aquifers due to exposure risk. The only evidence was a paper cup found near the cooking site. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Oxidative stress and the resulting lipid peroxidation are involved in various pathological states including inflammation, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer [34]. Serum acetyl cholinesterase as a biomarker of arsenic induced neurotoxicity in sprague-dawley rats. Vibol S., Hashim J.H., Sarmani S. Neurobehavioral effects of arsenic exposure among secondary school children in the Kandal Province, Cambodia. Tolins M., Ruchirawat M., Landrigan P. The developmental neurotoxicity of arsenic: Cognitive and behavioral consequences of early life exposure. Finally, May 18, 2009, the death penalty has been fixed at the Supreme Court of Japan. Bacquart T., Frisbie S., Mitchell E., Grigg L., Cole C., Small C., Sarkar B. The author declares no conflict of interest. Forensic Analysis - From Death to Justice, Submitted: October 31st, 2015 Reviewed: April 8th, 2016 Published: September 7th, 2016, Edited by B. Suresh Kumar Shetty and Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. Careers. Chromated copper arsenate-treated wood: a potential source of arsenic exposure and toxicity in dermatology. Although patients with chronic As exposure are numerous, their symptoms and clinical courses remain unclear. Wang D., Shimoda Y., Wang S., Wang Z., Liu J., Liu X., Jin H., Gao F., Tong J., Yamanaka K., et al. The Wakayama poisoning case was that curry served at summer festival dated on July 25th, 1998, was poisoned by arsenic. 0(+): Three tests not detected, one test detected, out of 4-time tests. Therefore, in order to recognize patients experiencing health problems caused by As, a multifaceted approach is needed, including not only clinicians, but also specialists from multiple fields. Sea water has an As concentration of approximately 2 ppb [7], whereas rain and river water have almost 0 ppb [6]. Then she brought the arsenic powder using the paper cup (1) to the curry pot. She was sentenced to death on December 11, 2001, at the Local Court of Wakayama. Signes-Pastor A.J., Vioque J., Navarrete-Munoz E.M., Carey M., Garcia-Villarino M., Fernandez-Somoano A., Tardon A., Santa-Marina L., Irizar A., Casas M., et al. The curry was cooked in two pots in a garage of a festival organizers house. They found 90 ppb As3+ in her hair. Clincal course in four patients with electrophysiological and histological studies. The As intake for the exposed infants was estimated to be 1.33.6 mg/day, and the total intake was estimated to be 90140 mg. Mochizuki H., Phyu K.P., Aung M.N., Zin P.W., Yano Y., Myint M.Z., Thit W.M., Yamamoto Y., Hishikawa Y., Thant K.Z., et al. For example, several studies have demonstrated that trivalent As is more toxic than the pentavalent state [1]. The forensic analyses were performed mainly by the National Research Institute of Police Science, Tokyo University of Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Osaka Electro-Communication University, and Hiroshima University. In terms of sensory impairments, only 30% of the patients were judged to be objectively abnormal by neurological examination. Concomitant exposure to arsenic and organophosphates on tissue oxidative stress in rats. Peripheral neuropathy due to As exposure may recover in the long term, however, CNS impairments are less likely to recover. Chronic Poisoning: Chronic arsenic poisoning is much more insidious in nature, often involving multiple hospital admissions before the correct diagnosis is made. Ishii N., Mochizuki H., Yamashita M., Yagi K., Shiomi K., Tsuruta K., Nakazato M. Auditory brainstem response analysis for long-term central auditory function sequelae in patients with chronic arsenic intoxication: A cross-sectional study. Gastrointestinal protective efficacy of Kolaviron (a bi-flavonoid from Garcinia kola) following a single administration of sodium arsenite in rats: Biochemical and histopathological studies. In the Wakayama poisoned curry incident in July 1998, 67 inhabitants were killed or injured by eating arsenic-laced curry at a neighborhood summer festival in Wakayama, a local city 400 km southwest of Tokyo. Uranium particle attached to a hair shaft was clearly observed using an SEMEDX rather than SR-XRF, which was reported in 2015 [46], but this type of SEMEDX analysis was possible even in 1998. In early 1990s, the chemical state analysis of arsenic had been performed by an ion chromatography (IC)/ICP-MS or an HPLC/MS [43] and the analytical instruments had been computerized. At the top, 10 or 15 cans were sold in Wakayama city in a month, and consequently at least more than one hundred cans were sold in Wakayama city before the arsenic curry incidence. By Raluca Dumache, Veronica Ciocan, Camelia Muresan a IntechOpen Limited Chandravanshi L.P., Shukla R.K., Sultana S., Pant A.B., Khanna V.K. Lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress due to As exposure leads to DNA damage and subsequent brain cell death, and it induces the degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) [36]. Background: Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany Recent forensic evidence uncovered by Italian scientists suggests that . Arsenic exposure and toxicology: A historical perspective. Intoxication with Arsenic Mixed in Curry in Wakayama. Bartolom B, Crdoba S, Nieto S, Fernndez-Herrera J, Garca-Dez A. Br J Dermatol. Arsenic (As) contamination affects hundreds of millions of people globally. Dozens of people died at a young age, mainly the workers and residents near the mine. Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Received 2019 Jun 11; Accepted 2019 Jul 9. Epub 2016 Mar 1. In low oxygen environments, such as deep well water or deep seawater, it is reduced to trivalent As (III). The average As concentrations in the neighboring soil and in the water percolating from the slag were 2,760 mg/kg and 180 mg/L, respectively. Accessibility There are no conclusions as to whether the intake of low concentration As-contaminated drinking water adversely affects the brain of children. A petition to Mr Peel: Gideon Mantell and the trial of Hannah Russell. Histopathological examination showed a typical indication of myocarditis. Dose-response relationship between arsenic exposure and the serum enzymes for liver function tests in the individuals exposed to arsenic: A cross sectional study in Bangladesh. The curry was cooked from noon till 3 pm there, and then moved to the festival venue. It was well known to the public at that time that SPring-8, one of the third generation synchrotron radiation facility, a 1.5 km circumference accelerator ring of 8 GeV, was used for the forensic analysis. Peripheral neuropathy induced by drinking water contaminated with low-dose arsenic in Myanmar. It is known that he died because of arsenic mixed in his food. Although dermatological manifestations after the acute ingestion of arsenic have seldom been documented, they were observed in 56% of the victims in the Wakayama curry-poisoning incident. Dakeishi M., Murata K., Grandjean P. Long-term consequences of arsenic poisoning during infancy due to contaminated milk powder. A threshold level for inorganic As in the drinking water for these cancers is estimated to be between 50 and 150ppb [68]. Kapaj S., Peterson H., Liber K., Bhattacharya P. Human health effects from chronic arsenic poisoning--a review. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Her husband had arsenic oxide powders as white ant pesticide, as his job was white ant exterminator. Outline of the Wakayama arsenic murder case.docx - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Arsenic-contaminated drinking water has long been a global problem, especially in South Asia. Most of the testimonies at the court by the analysts were also lies. This is a review paper of forensic analysis of a murder case of Wakayama arsenic poisoning incident. The most frequently detected As compounds in human urine are DMA (V) (40%80%), MMA (V) (10%25%), and inorganic As (10%30%) [18,19]. Arsenic compounds exist in a number of inorganic and organic forms. Chief among the theories for the exiled emperor's death is arsenic poisoningan idea reinforced by the remarkable condition of his body when it was exhumed in 1840 for reburial in Paris. Non-fiction [ edit] Fatal [ edit] A large number of other papers can be found at Google Scholar by the key words, Wakayama arsenic. October 14, 2013 Issue Murder By Poison The rise and fall of arsenic. Although the As quantities in fish and shellfish are much higher than that in land animals, the form in fish and shellfish is mostly organic As of arsenobetaine (C5H11AsO2). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Arsenic poisoning is known to occur in areas with contaminated drinking ground water such as Bangladesh, India, Taiwan, and United States. Acute arsenic poisoning: clinical and histopathological features. It has also been shown that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may cause neurodegeneration [33]. Sattar A., Xie S., Hafeez M.A., Wang X., Hussain H.I., Iqbal Z., Pan Y., Iqbal M., Shabbir M.A., Yuan Z. Metabolism and toxicity of arsenicals in mammals. Halliwell B. Exposure to As reduced rat cerebellar neuron viability and induced nuclear fragmentation and condensation as well as DNA degradation to oligonucleosome fragments, which are processes associated with apoptosis. The document is a public document, not a copyrighted matter. 2009 Jul;49(3):153-69. doi: 10.1258/rsmmsl.49.3.153. PMC But this was wrong, because the concentration of arsenic was higher for paper cup than those of (5) or (6); also because of the discussion related to the hexagon radar chart in Section 3. Although all parts of the . That hasn't been the case. Methylation is generally considered to be the primary detoxification pathway for inorganic As, however, the toxicity levels of inorganic and organic As metabolites are mixed. Inorganic As (III) causes compositional changes in sciatic nerve proteins, such as reduction in NF-L expression [40]. Thus, there are a variety of molecular species that have different biological effects, which further complicates diagnoses. Accessibility official website and that any information you provide is encrypted At least 140 million people from 50 countries are exposed to As through low-dose As-contaminated groundwater at levels above 10 ppb [3]. Sodium and iron concentrations were higher, but arsenic concentration was also high. Human health risks in an old gold mining area with circum-neutral drainage, central Portugal. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The underlying mechanisms of As-induced neurotoxicity mostly remain unknown, though several mechanisms have been proposed, mainly from animal experiments. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Our observations indicate that skin lesions are common in patients with acute arsenic poisoning; these findings may provide information of diagnostic significance. In addition, plasma lipid peroxidation has been shown to be positively correlated with As levels in urine [37]. Similarly, more than 40 years after the final As exposure, 50% of the residents had hearing impairment, however, no significant differences were observed in auditory brainstem response from the normal group [55]. Heavy elements at ppm level, including arsenic, were discovered in the curry using SPring-8, a synchrotron radiation facility, as the tool for forensic analysis.
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