Click on the timeline to access battle events hour-by-hour. The battle secured northwestern Arkansas for the Union. by Jack Schnedler | June 29, 2021 at 1:50 a.m. State park markers sum up the Battle of Prairie Grove on Dec. 7, 1862. They turned up the foot of the bed and found Pa's saddle bags which had two handles. About 2:30 p.m., Maj. Gen. James G. Blunt's Federal troops arrived from Cane Hill and attacked the Confederates on the western end of the ridge near the Morton House. Marmaduke's division was poorly armed. Unable to drive off the Rebels, Blunt pulls back around 5:00 o'clock and the rebels pursue only to be driven back to the ridge by the waiting Union artillery line. Standard 2A- The student understands how the resources of the Union and Confederacy affected the course of the war. Image source: PGBSP. The Union forces remained in the area for months before withdrawing. Recommended Reviews Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. where the Confederate troops lined up. Departing Boston on 25 May 1704 with 500 provincial . 4. the day after the battle we did all we could to relieve the wounded and dying. Of the army's two infantry divisions, one was commanded by Daniel M. Frost and the other by Francis Shoup. [35] Fearing that Blunt might intervene, Hindman ordered Frost to face southwest and block the Fayetteville Road. Recognized nationally as one of America's most intact Civil War battlefields, Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park protects the battle site and interprets the Battle of Prairie Grove, where on December 7, 1862, the Confederate Army of the Trans-Mississippi clashed with the Union Army of the Frontier in a day of fierce fighting resulting in about 2,700 casualties. Another trying hour on us was the robbers [who] came and burned my father's feet to make him give up his money. The Battle of Prairie Grove was a battle of the American Civil War fought on December 7, 1862. [68] Hindman had made his camp in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas, and Blunt and Herron reached Van Buren on December 29. An addition was built on to the western portion of the house for use in a battle scene. Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park's structures and landscapes prove history happened here and reveal stories of our heritage. Who does it mention? Arkansas's largest Civil War battle reenactment takes place at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park . Examine Map 1. Looking south from her home on West Hill, Julia beheld the splendor and horror of battle when the men of the Union Army of the Frontier encountered the Confederate Army of the Trans-Mississippi. By 1942, the house began to show signs of age but was still a sturdy and recognizable structure. It was a beautiful, cold, frosty Sunday morning. About 10 o'clock the cannonading began and about noon war began in earnest. Arkansass largest Civil War battle re-enactment takes place here biennially (even-numbered years) the first weekend in December. At 4:00am on December 7, the Confederate army began to march north along Cove Creek Road. It is considered one of the most important battlegrounds in the history of the US Civil War and . The park also has playground equipment, water fountains, bathroom facilities, and a mile-long paved walking trail for your familys outdoor fun. This is the structure that still stands in the park today. Another shocking affair was my helping to bury Mr. Borden, a brother of A[rchibald] Borden, who was brutally killed in the Pittman lane. What is the overall impression it provides? [4], A Civil War reenactment is held at the state park during the first weekend in December of even-numbered years. [30], On December 5, Joseph O. Shelby's 1,200-man Confederate cavalry brigade began pressing back the 400 troopers of the 2nd Kansas Volunteer Cavalry Regiment that guarded the Cove Creek Road. Gen. James Blunt remained in the northwestern part of Arkansas, and the second under Brig. [60] Blunt's forces then prepared to attack the new Confederate left, strengthened by the addition of the 20th Iowa, one of Huston's Union regiments. The second Rebel counter attack marks the end of the battle on the east side of the ridge. They talked, enjoyed the apples and were great southern men, of course. Which of the three accounts you read seems the most reliable? Totten's and Herron's divisions were both known as "Missouri Division", and contained men from Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Indiana. [49][53] The two Union regiments that were the hardest engagedBertram's 20th Wisconsin and Orme's 19th Iowaboth suffered losses of approximately fifty percent. The battle's fiercest fighting took place near the Borden House. For more information, contact: Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park, P. O. A division of Union troops in the Army of the Frontier, commanded by James G. Blunt, was posted in northwestern Arkansas after winning the Battle of Cane Hill on November 28. --Mrs. Julia West Pyeatt The Raid on Grand Pr was the major action of a raiding expedition conducted by the New England militia Colonel Benjamin Church against French Acadia in June 1704, during Queen Anne's War.The expedition was allegedly in retaliation for a French and Indian raid against the Massachusetts frontier community of Deerfield earlier that year.. Where did General Blunt sleep on the night of December 7, 1862? While Hindman still held the field, he had no reinforcements and was running out of ammunition. The Bordens hid in a neighbors cellar for the entire day as the battle raged around them. I then threw water on the fire putting it out. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. [32], On December 6, near mid-day, the 2nd Kansas Cavalry abandoned its blocking position on Cove Creek Road and withdrew northwest toward Newburg. Blunt assumed correctly that Hindman intended to turn to the west and approach Newburg. What would you have taken with you if you had been forced to hide in a cellar during a Civil War battle? Well, in March of 1864 one day the Yankees ran onto two of the Southern boys and the only thing the boys could do was to run as they weren't armed. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Why does this seem ironic? The division also contained a regiment of Arkansas cavalrymen who had remained loyal to the Union despite the secession of Arkansas. Questions for Reading 1 Box 944 7. The Confederates counterattacked after each Union assault, only to be thrown back by the northern cannons on the north side of the Borden cornfield, which devastated the rebel regiments as they came out of the woods into the open farm fields in the valley. How could you find out? [56] However, a Confederate counterattack drove the 37th Illinois back to the main Union line. We made bedding out of the cloth we salvaged after cleaning it. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 57,000 acres in 25 states! Introduction of the Fourteenth Amendment Nine months after their victory at Pea Ridge, the Union Army of the Frontier in the area was geographically divided. Cozzens, Peter. The modern city has spread from the island (the le de la . Yankees and Rebels all got the same care. Gen. James Blunt remained in the northwestern part of Arkansas, and the second under Brig. ARKANSAS STATE PARKS 1 Capitol Mall - Little Rock, Arkansas 72201 Today, a portion of the battlefield is preserved within Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park. Picnic Area / Restrooms: For some of the questions you may need to refer back to Readings 1 and 2. Examine Photo 3. While Hindman waited for Shoup's Arkansas division, Herron had time to push Marmaduke out of his way and reach the Illinois River. Introduction of conscription Curtis' army soundly defeated Van Dorn's. [44] Herron was soon joined by Huston's division. A large Disneyland theme park in Marne-la-Valle also is a significant tourist draw. PRAIRIE GROVE A mold problem has been re-mediated, and plans are moving forward to keep artifacts at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park at a collection management facility on site. The house burning occurred the day after the battle. The Confederate artillery attempted to respond, but their cannons were of inferior quality and lacked the range to properly respond. After a while one of them went up to the bed and said, "Old man, it's not your politics I care for, it's your money, and we're going to have it." Blunt prepared to defend himself by posting William Weer's 2nd Brigade and William F. Cloud's 3rd Brigade on high ground south of Newburg with elements of Frederick Salomon's 1st Brigade watching Hogeye Road. Hindman's new plan called for the army to march north on Cove Creek Road to Prairie Grove. Helped by the fact that many Confederates wore captured blue uniforms, Shelby's troopers surprised and routed their opponents, especially the 7th Missouri. Why or why not? For the next hour, Herron deploys the 3rd division on the east side of the river while his staff searches for another way to cross the Illinois. As the news spread, Herron's men gave a cheer. [3], Following Pea Ridge, Curtis drove further into Arkansas and planned to attack Memphis, but was ordered by Henry Halleck to send half of his force to Cape Girardeau for transfer to Tennessee. Herron's two divisions averaged 30mi (48km) per day over rough roads in intensely cold weather with short stops to eat and sleep. Standard H - The student examines, interprets, and analyzes physical and cultural patterns, cultural transmission of ideas, and ecosystem changes. *Interpretive programs available year-round, Museum At 10 o'clock, Herron reaches the river and can see the Rebel forces in formation amongst the trees on the ridge. The site offers a unique perspective of two communities, one Northern and one Southern, and their experiences during the American Civil War. The unpopular Totten's departure pleased his soldiers and Daniel Huston Jr. assumed command of the 2nd Division. Witness to the Battle of Prairie Grove, as a child. 5. The 26th Indiana attacked Marmaduke's Confederate cavalry, and were driven off by a force that included Shelby's brigade and Quantrill's Raiders. Students can explore primary sources such as newspapers, letters, diaries, photographs, maps, military records, and much more. Why or why not? Key elements contributing to the heritage value of this site include: its location, on the island of Montral in Qubec; its siting on a rolling, partially treed landscape on the banks of the Rivire des Prairies and Coule Grou Creek; the integrity of any surviving or as yet unidentified archaeological remains which may be found within the site in their . How do you think the Morton family and the neighbors felt during the battle? A brigade of dismounted Texas cavalry from Roane's command was also sent to the front, forming to the left of Parsons' brigade. The Prairie Grove Battlefield is a state park under the Arkansas State Historic Preservation Program. After the interview, students should answer the following questions: Who did you interview? Character-Defining Elements. What clues help you determine this? 3) three photos of places associated with the battle. The fighting was intense and with the Union forces suffering nearly 50% casualties, they fell back into the valley below. By that time, Herron had arrived from Missouri and joined Blunt. Schofield. The Library of Congress created a selected Civil War photographic history in their "American Memory" collection. 4. Yet, the images of that day and those that followed were vividly etched in her memory forever. Reading 1 was excerpted from a memoir of Julia West Pyeatt to her daughter, Mrs. D. N. McCormick (date unknown). 4. The Confederates responded to the abortive Union assault with another counterattack, using several of McRae's brigade. The reserve division was commanded by John S. Roane, and was poorly equipped, organized, and led (Holmes stated that Roane was "useless as a commander"). They took everything they could use, then set the house on fire. Hindman realized that attacking Blunt at Newburg would simply push him back toward Herron's reinforcements. Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park 506 East Douglas Prairie Grove, AR 72753 (479) 846-2990 prairiegrove@arkansas.com For information on Arkansas's other fine state parks, contact: Arkansas State Parks One Capitol Mall Little Rock, AR 72201 (501) 682-1191 www.ArkansasStateParks.com As a part of its conservation mission, The violence of the Civil War affected families throughout the United States. The Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park is an Arkansas state park located in Prairie Grove. What conditions did the Bordens find when they emerged from the cellar after the battle? Where did the Borden family go once the battle began? How would you compare the tone of the three accounts? 8 a.m. until one hourafter sunset, ARKANSAS STATE PARKS 1 Capitol Mall - Little Rock, Arkansas 72201 Encourage students to share examples from their individual work. [1] Hindman responded by ordering Frost to use his division to counter Blunt. Prairie Grove has Free parking,picnic and Playground Area and Rest room.lot's to see and touch on your walk-through Prairie Grove state park. 3 mi + Leaflet Click to view and interact with the map Full Map 1 Civil War | Cemetery Southern Memorial Association Summers, AR 2 Civil War | Museum Headquarters House Museum Fayetteville, AR However, the newly created Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park bordered the property, and recognizing its significance to interpreting the battle, park staff sought to save the structure by purchasing the property. The Battle of La Prairie was an attack made on the French colonial settlement of La Prairie, New France on August 11, 1691 by an English, Mohawk and Mohican force coming north from Albany, New York.The force, led by Major Pieter Schuyler, initially intended to attack Montreal, but was repulsed with significant casualties by the French and their Indian allies. Shoup's division consisted of Arkansas infantrymen, while Frost's division was mostly Missourians, although some Arkansas troops were included. Our home being on the north side, we felt we were comparatively safe and our greatest anxiety was for our relatives, neighbors, and friends so we stood out and watched until dark. [63] This attack was driven off by Blunt's massed artillery. Courtesy of Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park. The Union troops awake the next morning to find the Confederates are gone. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. This is her account: le-de-France is the focus of France's various communications networks. How many years later were her recollections written down? 5. Topics: The lesson can be used in teaching units on the Civil War, and southern history. Plans to restore the structure began immediately. [16] The cavalry division consisted of men from Arkansas, Texas, and Confederate Missouri, and was commanded by Marmaduke. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! This information was reported to Union headquarters, but Blunt was not there and the critical message was not forwarded for two hours. Operation Prairie was a U.S. military operation in Qung Tr Province, South Vietnam that sought to eliminate People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces south of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Authentic, expansive, and well preserved, Prairie Grove is known as one of Americas most intact Civil War battlefields. [6] Curtis later formed the Army of the Frontier and appointed Schofield to command the new army on October 12. The West house was used a temporary hospital for Union troops and Herron set up temporary headquarters in Hugh Rogers house. (You might consider each woman's age during the war, when their accounts were written, the level of detail, and the degree to which the speaker seems to take a particular side.) [50] These reported totals may be too low, as slightly wounded soldiers were not often counted. Salomon's brigade stayed at Rhea's Mill guarding the wagon train. What are three things your interviewee said about the event that you did not find in your research? The Union forces continue to grow that night as stragglers from Herron's march file in to the area. Huston and his troops press the ridge and encounter the Rebels in the fatal Borden orchard. [33] That evening, Hindman and his commanders received startling intelligence that Herron's two divisions would reach Blunt the following day. . What are the limitations of oral histories? This page was last edited on 1 July 2023, at 00:46. Was this an appropriate act in time of war? [67] The retreat of the Confederate forces from the field gave Union forces control of northwestern Arkansas. We went to a neighbor's a mile away, taking what we could carry and some food. Library of Congress Families hunted safety in the cellars. Tour historic Washington where Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett and Sam Houston traveled before they fought for Texas independence. We had the Yankees in the winter and the Bushwhackers in the summer. We had to hide out everything we could and then sometimes the Yankees found it. Of historical interest are the chteaus of Versailles, Mantes-la-Jolie, Rambouillet, Fontainebleau, Vaux-le-Vicomte, and Champs. The Battle of Prairie Grove was the last major campaign in Northwest Arkansas. Finally made a state park in 1971, Prairie Grove Battlefield Historic State Park continued to improve with the 1980 addition of the Borden House property, where some of the heaviest fighting occurred. Click any thumbnail image to view a slideshow, City of Prairie Grove 2. Though the battle ended as a stalemate, nightfall saw Hindman's force retreating, establishing Federal control of northwest Arkansas. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Image source: PGBSP. We blistered our hands and were worn out when we got home, as we had to walk. Late that evening however, Hindman received news that Herron's relief column was nearing Fayetteville, indicating that Herron had made the trek from Springfield in 3 days. What does the person remember about the circumstances leading up to the event? The Confederates, hoping to use Arkansas as a base for operations into the border state of Missouri, looked to defeat the Union armies in the area. [69][66], Some of the battlefield area is preserved in Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park, ten miles from Fayetteville, Arkansas. Whether you're traveling with friends, family, or even pets, Vrbo vacation homes have the best amenities for hanging out with the people that matter most, including outdoor grills and BBQs and swimming pools. After compelling him to tell them what they wanted to know, they brought him back into the house and ransacked everything in the house, carrying off what paper money he had and destroying some notes. We could hear the cannons and see their heads rise up to fire. Eventually, both sides disengaged and the fighting reached an inconclusive result. The Civil War affected every part of the United States. [22] On November 11, the Confederate government ordered Holmes to send 10,000 troops to reinforce Vicksburg. This 1902 image of the Borden family includes Archibald Borden (front row, middle), the builder of the house, and Caldonia Ann Borden (back row, right), who wrote an extensive memoir of her Civil War experiences, including the loss of the family home following the Battle of Prairie Grove. The southern troops waited atop the heavily-wooded Prairie Grove ridge stretching from the large yellow two-story Borden House on the east end to the small log Morton House on the west end of the ridge. [29] In the early hours of December 6, Herron received a message from Blunt asking for cavalry. Around 2:15, Herron orders an attack on the ridge. Though many of these stories have never been written down, they have become a part of family or community oral history. Recognized nationally as one of America's most intact Civil War battlefields, Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park protects the battle site and interprets the Battle of Prairie Grove, where on December 7, 1862, the Confederate Army of the Trans-Mississippi clashed with the Union Army of the Frontier in a day of fierce fighting resulting in about 2,700 casualties. We were left with hundreds of wounded and dead. 3. Review Reading 2. When Shoup's 3,200 soldiers arrived at 10:00 am, Shoup assumed a defensive position on the high ground at Prairie Grove. Washington County, AR | Dec 7, 1862 Nine months after their victory at Pea Ridge, the Union Army of the Frontier in the area was geographically divided. The rear of the house was in no better condition in 1976. P. O. Courtesy of the Arkansas History Commission. He attempts to cross but is driven back by Confederate artillery. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Our curator will showcase items from the park's collection so you can . Wikipedia The Cane Hill area was the site of the Battle of Cane Hill, a running battle fought a few days before the Battle of Prairie Grove in November 1862. PRAIRIE GROVE -- One ongoing project at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park is to restore the Borden Orchard and make it healthier for the future, according to park interpreter. "Hindman's Grand Delusion". 4. Yet, the images of that day and those that followed were vividly etched in her memory forever. Park officials were able to quickly repair the damage and removed the built-on addition. Standard G - The student identifies and interprets examples of stereotyping, conformity, and altruism. They choked my mother for screaming and abused us for looking out of the window. How and when did harm reach the family? One early morning [December 7, 1862] Pa told us to move out as there was to be a battle very soon on our hill. [1] While the fighting was inconclusive, the Confederate withdrawal gave the Union a strategic victory. 3. 9. Reading 3 was excerpted from an oral history of Nancy Morton Staples, quoted from a manuscript written by Mrs. Just after 3 o'clock, Herron orders a second counter attack on the ridge led by Colonel Huston. He believed that the nearest Union forces were near Springfield, but what he did not know was that Blunt anticipated the Confederate offensive and that Union reinforcements were approaching. [12], In October, Blunt's force made an incursion into Arkansas, and Hindman sent 2,000 men under Marmaduke's command to intercept Blunt and prevent him from joining the main Union force near Springfield, Missouri. The following activities will help students consider the impact and implications of oral history in the documentation of historic events. At around 3:15, Blunt announces his arrival on the knoll by the West House at the northwest corner of the battlefield. All the implements we had were an old hoe and pieces of boards. With the heavy artillery now in place on Crawfords Hill, Herron directs Colonel Orme's brigade to cross the lower ford of the Illinois. Denmark Sweden Poland These reenactments are held in order to commemorate the men who died during the bloody conflict. 1. (Special to the Democrat-Gazette/Marcia Schnedler) About Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park. 1. Included on the site is a photographic timeline of the Civil War covering major events for each year of the war. On that fateful Sunday, the Borden family was just sitting down for breakfast, when suddenly, they were forced to flee their home at the unexpected onset of the Battle of Prairie Grove in their own front yard. Consider inviting a member of the local historical society to visit the classroom and to discuss the history of your area during the Civil War. Compromise of 1850 2. [19], After the Battle of Cane Hill, Hindman decided to send his entire army towards Cane Hill in order to assault Blunt.
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