Avoid placing fans or equipment with fans in the hood. Thinking, Fast and Slow. doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2018.09.010, Brown, Z., and Cole, R. J. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.523, U.S. Department of Energy (2012). Do LEED-certified buildings save energy? All of the fume hoods in both buildings are VAV, similar in design, and have vertical sashes. Newer technologies include audible alarms and sashes that close automatically with inactivity, but are more complex and require expertise to install or can require significant investment for retrofit or replacement (Sartor and Kasliwal, 2007; Becerra et al., 2018). Inform. In May 2023, Frontiers adopted a new reporting platform to be Counter 5 compliant, in line with industry standards. Highly Hazardous Substances: A well designed fume hood will contain 99.999 - 99.9999% of the contaminants released within it when used properly. If the hood user stands up against the face of the hood, air currents produced by turbulent airflow may transport contaminants into the experimenter's breathing zone. Acquiring automaticity for behaviors likely depends on the complexity of the behavior (i.e., the more complex the behavior, consisting of more steps, with a higher likelihood that some of those steps involve more conscious decision making and action, the longer it takes). The ability to remove the sticker to isolate its effectiveness without initial feedback, or to randomly assign the order of feedback and sticker, as well as a longer experimentation time would also be useful in future studies. Pollution Control: An unfiltered fume hood is not a pollution control . How a Fume Hood Works - Office of Environmental Health and Safety The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms. Changes or additions to an existing fume hood without the explicit approval of the department's facilities manager or Special Facilities supervisor is prohibited. However, several months after the campaign, the closure rate reverted to pre-intervention levels. Because of their role in removing air from a building, laboratory fume hoods can be thought of as part of a building's heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. (2009). Handling Radioactive Materials Safely | Office of Environmental Health Given the simplicity of the target behavior here, which consisted of only one step (the simplest behavior in the Lally et al. The suggested safe level can be mistaken as the appropriate level to keep the sash at all times, rather than just when in use (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012). However, there is an important connection between the design of the hood and lab workers' behavior and the potential for a design change to lessen the need for a labor-intensive management plan for existing hoods has not been thoroughly explored. Data were equalized for day of the week and number of hours across time periods to create the most accurate comparisons. Affordances can be thought of in negative terms as wella vertical surface does not afford sitting, for example. Keep baffles and other ventilation openings clean, free of accumulating dust, and unobstructed by collections of numerous containers. More specifically, the two dependent variables, which were also referred to as alarm states in the EMCS reports, were defined as follows: Occupied alarm: While an area was occupied and the fume hood sash was left open >3 for more than 2 h4,5. Psychol. doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.03.003, Bargh, J. In the second case, researchers recorded sash height from an automated building monitoring system in 51 labs during 10-day periods before installation and 1, 2, and 3 months after installation. Adding devices to even the simplest exhaust system without adequate evaluation and adjustment will usually result in decreased performance of the existing hood and/or inadequate performance of the additional device. Keep the sash completely lowered any time an experiment is in progress and the hood is unattended. Psychol. If research requires large equipment in the hood, place it on blocks to allow airflow under the equipment. Psychol. In addition to impact on energy use, keeping the sash shut when not in use is the safest behavior and best practice for maintaining the integrity of experiments being conducted in a research lab. In some circumstances, exhaust system control devices or emission monitoring in the exhaust stack may be appropriate. Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., and Campbell, D. T. (2002). Importantly, this is the only fume hood behavior change experiment incorporating a control building (specifically, using objective, automated building data in both an experimental and a control building). Fume Hoods - Environment, Health & Safety - UW-Madison Abrahamse, W., Steg, L., Vlek, C., and Rothengatter, T. (2005). Hypothesis 6 posited that over long term, the presence of the sticker will continue to be associated with a reduced number of times the fume hood is left open when the area is unoccupied. Keep the hood sash clean and clear. Keep your sample more than 6 inches inside the hood. The authors gratefully acknowledge in-kind support awarded to KA by Cornell University Facilities Management for this study, as well as funding provided by the Department of Design and Environmental Analysis and the College of Human Ecology at Cornell University. J. Soc. Mean number of times hoods left open long-term. 25, 90103. Data collected during Spring Break (which occurred in April) and on weekends were excluded from analysis. The realities of available space and equipment in some laboratories may make it difficult or impossible to completely prohibit the use of hood workspaces for storage. It included collecting baseline data, followed by data from a time period with stickers installed, and then a time period with feedback (in addition to the stickers, which remained in place) (see Table 1). Delivering normative messages has also proven to be an effective strategy for increasing pro-environmental behavior, including energy conservation and litter avoidance (Cialdini et al., 1990; Stern, 2000; Allcott, 2011). Much of our day-to-day lives is governed by non-conscious processes (Bargh and Chartrand, 1999). Psychol. Each EMCS logged hood closure and occupancy status for every 15-min increment, 24 h per day. A wide range of acceptable heights can also send confusing messages in terms of normative behavior. Hypothesis 2 posited that the addition of feedback would further decrease the number of times the fume hoods were left open when an area was occupied. EH&S performs a functional performance test to assure hoods perform as required about every 18 months. Fume hood closure behavior has substantial implications for energy use. Research has relied on self-report (Verplanken and Orbell, 2003; Verplanken, 2006; Sniehotta and Presseau, 2011). Hypothesis 1: Installation of the sticker will be associated with a decrease in the number of times fume hoods are left open when the area is occupied. Fume hood controls include constant air volume (CAV), variable air volume (VAV)and two-state (two speed) control. Each time period in the analyses consisted of 2 weeks3. (2006). 25, 273291. One fume hood in a laboratory can use as much energy as three homes per year. Please contact OCRS (322-2057) if you have questions regarding proper use of your fume hood or if you would like to have your fume hood tested. During the Period 1/Baseline Period, hoods in the control building were left open while unoccupied an average of 10 times. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Copyright 2020 Aldred Cheek and Wells. J. Consum. Do - Use safety glasses, goggles or face shield, proper gloves, apron, lab coat etc., while working with fume hood. The overall aim of the current research is to test whether a simple behavior change intervention can leverage our tendency toward non-conscious action and result in an increase in fume hood closure. Fume hoods are designed to provide personnel protection from toxic or volatile chemicals by continuously delivering airflow away from the user to the work area. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The training addresses fume hood safety, specifically the importance of closing the hoods to avoid air contamination and reduce the risk of fire2. 31, 359387. We continuously think, act, and make decisions with no conscious awareness. Fume hoods, or fume cupboards, work to ensure the safety of lab personnel while working with hazardous materials by continuously delivering airflow away from the user. Check the airflow indicatorprior to use to ensure the fume hood is drawing air. J. Diagram. Retrieved from http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/Principles/prin4.htm, Ji, M. F., and Wood, W. (2007). Minimize the number of objects stored in the hood keep at least 50% of the working surface clear, if possible. Using Chemical Fume Hoods . Hoods in the experimental building were left open while occupied an average of 22.1 times (see Table 2). 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232
J. (2010). Most prior hood-closure interventions combine several components that require frequent communications, including events and meetings. For example, in one laboratory building with 25 labs and 200 fume hoods, approximately half of which were recorded as being left open overnight, researchers undertook an intervention that included a presentation and feedback to principal investigators who oversaw labs in the building (Wesolowski et al., 2010). ^For fume hood closure, three inches was used as an approximation to allow for small structural issues (e.g., if a sash was slightly off level with the hood frame and unable to close completely) and hoods where the number and size of hoses and power cords running under the sash made it impractical to achieve 100 percent closure. Low flow fume hoods are designed to operate at 70 LFM at 18 inches sash height. doi: 10.1145/1409040.1409044. Changing the context, or altering the environment can bring a person's conscious awareness to a situation. Place large or bulky equipment near the rear of the fume hood. The fume hood must be operated with thesash no higher thanthe red arrow. Energy Rep. 4, 645652. Monthly Energy Review, Energy Consumption by Sector. Refer questions concerning biosafety cabinets to the OCRS Biosafety Officer (322-2057). London: Routledge. Once a habit forms, when a person encounters an environmental trigger, their response is a relatively fixed or rigid (Neal et al., 2006; Graybiel, 2008; Wood and Neal, 2009). A hood, especially with the sash down, also acts as a physical barrier between the laboratory workers and chemical reactions. PDF LABORATORY SAFETY GUIDELINE - Harvard University It's a good idea to test the fume hood safety is working. Treatment of lab samples, uncompromised operations, convenience, and standardization of lab practices were all reported as being in conflict with energy conservation. Similarly, in an experiment with households that received feedback on energy consumption coupled with descriptive normative information (average household consumption in the neighborhood) or injunctive normative information (average household consumption plus an indication of whether the particular household was doing better or worse than average, provided in the form of a happy face or a sad face), providing descriptive normative information resulted in reduced energy consumption for those who were above average consumers, but increased energy consumption for those who were already consuming below average (Schultz et al., 2007). Psychology and the science of human-environment interactions. Influence of occupants' knowledge on comfort expectations and behaviour. Fume hoods are the primary method of exposure control in the laboratory. (2011). Hoods in the experimental building were left open while unoccupied an average of 17.1 times, an increase from the Period 3/Sticker + Feedback period (12.7), slightly lower than the Period 2/Sticker period (17.9), and lower than the Baseline period (22.1) (see Table 4). Feder et al. Contact the University Operations Center at (617) 495-5560 [HMS/HSDM (617) 432-1901] Remain in a safe location until EH&S or other response personnel arrive. One chemical that you will be using during this experiment must be stored and dispensed under the fume hood. Psychol. Reasons: 1)Iron- It is an element of atomic number 26. There are ~500,000 to 1,500,000 fume hoods in the U.S. costing more than $4 billion to operate (Mills and Sartor, 2005). A fume hood is a special type of laboratory work equipment with an enclosure on top that can contain the effects of the experiment being run within it. Educ. The control building mean was significantly lower than the experiment building mean at baseline. 54, 462479. 609-258-6271, Environmental Health and Safety Perform all operations in a certified chemical fume hood or other approved ventilated enclosure. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Never use a hood to control exposure to hazardous substances without first verifying that it is operating properly. INSIDE FUME HOOD OR VENTILATED ENCLOSURE (< 500 ml) Note that laboratory fume hoods and . A fume hood consists of a flat workspace enclosed in a large metal cabinet fronted by a moveable glass door, or sash (see Figure 1). During the campaign, the figure rose to 61.3%. Third, many studies have relied on manual spot checks for hood closure data, which introduce measurement issues. The habitual consumer. The hood can also contain accidental spills of chemicals. Only keep items in the hood if they are being used for the current experiment. Figure 4. Validating Cost Energy Savings from Harvard's Shut the Sash Program. Yes, but. (1984). First, most laboratory behavior interventions have been information-heavy and labor-intensive (i.e., requiring frequent updates, written materials, meetings, etc.). Energy conservation attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors in science laboratories. With many behavioral interventions, particularly with awareness-raising campaigns that use competitions and rewards, persistence of effects over time is a challenge. 5. There are too many chemicals stored here. Signifiers could be suggestive of norms, as they can provide evidence of others' behavior. Soc. Fume Hood Proper Work Practices - Office of Environmental Health and Safety Glob. (2010). Containers are stored too close (within 6 inches) of the face of the hood. Hypothesis 2: The addition of feedback will further decrease the number of times fume hoods are left open when the fume hood area is occupied. When working in the fume hood, it is important to make an effort to minimize clutter. Psychol. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01951.x, Verplanken, B., Walker, I., Davis, A., and Jurasek, M. (2008). A fume hood is a ventilated enclosure that usually vents separately from the buildings heating, ventilationand air conditioning (HVAC) system and not recirculated into the building. Transcribed image text: 1. A fume hood is equipped with a powerful fan that draws gasses and potentially harmful particulates away from lab technicians as they work, away from the front of the cabinet, and up and out of the building. Across campus, standard laboratory ventilation requirements (air changes per hour) have been reduced where possible. Fourth, while automated building data has been used in studies, the data did not account for occupancy. One year later, the mean number of times the hoods were left opened in the experimental builidng remained significantly lower than baseline. During the subsequent period when feedback was added (Period 3/Sticker+Feedback Period), the number of times hoods were left open in the control building rose to 11.3, while in the experimental building dropped to 5.9. 6, 363382. For example, one study reported that there were instances when lab workers warned each other that a patrol was on the way, which gave them time to close the hood (Feder et al., 2012). doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2004.11.008, Neal, D. T., Wood, W., and Quinn, J. M. (2006). Fume hood energy use fits into a larger context of buildings and occupant behavior. Items contaminated with odorous or hazardous materials should be removed from the hood only after decontamination or if placed in a closed outer container to avoid releasing contaminants into the laboratory air. doi: 10.1348/014466605X49122, Verplanken, B., and Orbell, S. (2003). doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01917.x. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.54, Sahai, R. (n.d.). Fume Hood Safety | Basic Guildines and Important Rules For Every Lab Int. Thankfully, because of the way human cognition works, we are free of having to make conscious decisions for each little step in a larger routine. See figure below for suggested baffle positions. Over time, closure behavior ideally should require no conscious cognitive effort on the part of lab workers, and no sustained effort on the part of lab or building managers to support the ongoing behavior. One likely leverage point for habit formation is the context itself (Neal et al., 2006; Verplanken and Wood, 2006; Verplanken et al., 2008). It is very likely to become hot, more than 100C. Public Econom. d) make sure to put your head inside the fume hood and carefully inspect the reaction taking place. 124, 5474. Piranha Solution is very energetic and potentially explosive. In the event of lab move outand someservices/repairs, lab personnel and researchers are responsible for decontamination of their fume hoods. The researchers also held a competition led by sash patrols who carried out surprise inspections and awarded stamps to labs where fume hoods were closed when unoccupied. Fume Hoods and Biosafety Cabinets - University of California, Santa Cruz Personal. Energy savings were not calculated for this study, but depend on how a building and its equipment are designed. An insight into actual energy use and its drivers in high-performance buildings. In addition to providing a low-cost strategy to bring about behavior change, findings from this study suggest opportunities to improve fume hood design and to use automated building data to provide laboratory workers with feedback to change their behavior. Expert Answer. One fume hood in a laboratory can use as much energy as three homes per year. Fume hoods should be used when working with toxic compounds or compounds with a boiling point below 120C. Once formed in a specific environment, habits are then triggered by that environment. In the case of unoccupied times, by the end of the experiment, the average number of times fume hoods were left open in the control building had increased and experimental building had decreased such that they almost, but did not quite converge. PDF Laboratory Fume Hoods Recommended Work Practices (2002). Changing Behavior Through Design: A Lab Fume Hood Closure Experiment Res. Most laboratory ventilation systems are designed for labs to have all doors and windows closed. DO NOT USE A HOOD FOR ANY FUNCTION FOR WHICH IT WAS NOT INTENDED. Handle with care. The case is used in laboratory safety training to stress the importance of safe lab practices.