Here's a list of religiously motivated wars and genocides and their death tolls. This issue brief starts by outlining the major trends in violence based on religion or belief, identifying recent rises in violence perpetrated by both state and non-state actors. Sikh Wars. NOPE The claim is correct The volume ACTUALLY cites at least 617 of the 1770 wars as religious. Exploring The Pros And Cons Of Physical Education In Junior High Schools. . The disruption of economic activities has also had a negative impact on productivity, as well. In a number of countries, insufficient legal and policy protections against domestic violence allow for marital rape and honor killings with few or no repercussions for the perpetrator.4Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, A/HRC/37/49: Report on State-Religion Relationships and Their Impact on Freedom of Religion or Belief, March 2018, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomReligion/Pages/ReportStateReligionRelationships.aspx, para. What can and should be done, in the context of the United Nations and the UN Security Council? They even celebrated his birthday date. In February 2020, mobs killed over 50 people in attacks against Muslim neighborhoods in Delhi, with police either standing by or participating in the violence.9U.S. Religion-related atrocities are always cause for alarm, and can take place within or outside armed conflict settings. Non-State Actors, accessed January 12, 2020, https://www.uscirf.gov/publications/did-you-knownon-state-actors. He would be insulting Allah, by implying to know as much as Allah. The subsequent war is described in the body as a war against Muslim pirates (who having been plundering Byzantium). That alone should trigger alarm bells that such a methodology is flawed. Andrew Holts response: David, I own a set of the Encyclopedia of Wars. What is the Primary Cause of War? India, Iraq, Libya, Philippines, and Sudan (with tens of thousands killed or displaced). Claim : Only 6.7% of wars are religious. Selective Pacifism - only when the individual thinks the cause is just. However, these efforts have also faced significant limitations. As a result, there has been a noticeable gap in response from the UN Security Council and international human rights mechanisms. However, the early Church response to war was initially pacifism that allowed for the possibility of Christian converts staying on in the army. As Matt states: In 2013,theHuman Rights Council passedResolution 22/31, which additionally requiredthe High Commissioner for Human Rights to reportonmember statesself-reportedprogress towardimplementation ofResolution16/18s calls to action.34UN Human Rights Council, Resolution 22/31, A/HRC/RES/22/31, March 22, 2013. Government force based on religion or belief is on the rise, while mob violence, property damage, and use or threat of violence to impose religious norms by non-state actors are growing concerns. Somehow it feels good that these facts are being checked. 2. What do you think was the bloodiest "religious" war in history? Yet given the rising trends in violence based on religion or belief (including the spread of this type of violence to more countries and the increasingly severe impact on civilians of some forms of this violence), there are compelling reasons to consider more action by the Council going forward. Policymakers should, however, be concerned about the rising trends in violence based on religion or belief, specifically in relation to government force, mob violence, property damage, and the imposition of religious norms, and the ongoing impacts of religion-related armed conflicts and interreligious violence on civilians. The body of the book list nine Muslim Civil Wars fought for reasons such as dispute as to the identity of the true Muslim caliph, and The Muslim Fatimids, who claimed direct descent from Fatima, yet none of these nine wars is listed under the heading Religious Wars. fivefold increase in deaths from terrorism since the 9/11 suicide attacks. From 2007 to 2018, religion-related war or armed conflict11The Pew Research Center defines religion-related armed conflict as when in armed conflict religious rhetoric is commonly employed to justify the use of force, or in which one or more of the combatants primarily identifies itself or the opposing side by religion. Pew Research Center, Appendix D, p. 88. declined from 21 to 13 countries. Vox Day thought a couple of others should be added so he added two more, but the Encyclopedia (again, in the index) categorizes 121 of the conflicts it considers as religious wars. Your email address will not be published. The Security Council has greater authority to compel action with its resolutions, but has only recently taken very modest steps to recognize the security dimensions of FoRB. I would even say that they did it on purpose to fit their narrative. Yes, Hitler killed many people, and the german church fully supported him. The Pew Research Center categorizes state activities under government force when they resulted in individuals being killed, physically abused, imprisoned, detained or displaced from their homes, or having their personal or religious properties damaged or destroyed. Pew Research Center, Appendix D, p. 79. "From their list of 1,763 wars, only 123 have been classified as involving a religious cause, accounting for less than 7 percent of all wars and less than 2 percent of all war deaths," the rabbi concludes. In August 2019, the Security Council hosted anArria-formulameeting on Advancing the safety and security ofpersons belonging toreligious minorities in armed conflict,in support oftheInternational Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief. A minority. A further 13.9 percent of Americans were White mainline . we have to look at the ideology by what Jesus said in the gospel. He might have had a hidden agenda or two. If religion can't be blamed for most wars and violence, then what is the primary cause? The omission is thus either an accident, or the inconsistency is a reflection of personal choice by the editors as to which religious wars to include in the index. Further, religion was not a motivating factor in the wars that have resulted in the most loss of life. Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, A/75/385: Report on Safeguarding Freedom of Religion or Belief for the Successful Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 16 October 2020, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomReligion/Pages/ReportFoRBandSDGs.aspx, para. The divide between Sunnis and Shia is the largest and oldest in the history of Islam. You misrepresented the Encyclopedia of Wars, which in fact does list 121 wars as religious. I replied that I really am ashamed about the child rape in my church, but that he had a lot of nerve talk about bloody wars as a communist. The relationship between FoRB restrictions and violent conflict also has important implications for whether and how the UN Security Council, which deals with threats to international peace and security, should engage with the FoRB agendaa question addressed in subsequent sections. Matthias Basedau, Johannes Vllers, and Peter Krner, What Drives Inter-Religious Violence? All Parliamentary Group for International Freedom of Religion or Belief. Commission on International Religious Freedom, Annual Report 2020. And as you have a copy of the volumes (so do I ) IT CEARLY EMPHASISES THE RELIGIOUS CAUSES OF THOSE WARS. 1 (February 2010): 60-71, https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309349693. The previous section described recent actions by the UN to protect FoRB, but these actions have proven insufficient to address growing violence related to religion or belief. I think perhaps, as tempting as it would be, I will not be using these number in discussions with atheists. What Were The Wars Of Religion? The Encyclopedia of Wars doesn't categorize wars as religious or non-religious. In practice, this means that this agenda suffers from under-implementation by member states. You need to show the ones. I think its a pretty easily demonstrated that Religion had nothing to do with starting most wars. That might be considered blasphemy as well. 31. The aim was to capture the sacred places in the Holy Land from the Muslims who lived there, so it was . In December 2011, the General Assembly re-affirmed the need for universal implementation ofHuman Rights Council Resolution16/18 with the passage of Resolution 66/167, which also required theSecretary-General toreportonmember states implementationof the 16/18 action points.36UN General Assembly, Resolution 66/167, A/RES/66/167, December 19, 2011. . He started a campaign against the catholic king James to get his wife on the throne and become King of England, himself. If you look at the Israeli-Arab wars are they religious wars if Israel claims to start a secular Jewish state as a home for the Jewish people. v t e This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths that are either directly or indirectly caused by the war. I found this page because Ray Comfort used these numbers in a sermon and I wished to verify them thinking they could be useful. Thousands of thousands were slaughtered who did not want to convert. Stalin knew this well as he restored Christianity during World War II to help bolster the war effort. Any remaining errors are the responsibility of the authors. Violence based on religion or belief occurs in both conflict and non-conflict settings, though the highest levels of death occur in armed conflict contexts.14Minority Rights Group International, Peoples under Threat 2018, https://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Peoples-under-Threat-briefing-2018.pdf, p. 9. Non-State Actors, accessed January 12, 2020, https://www.uscirf.gov/publications/did-you-knownon-state-actors. The Human Rights Council, the General Assembly, and the Security Council have allengaged recently on issues related to violence based on religion or belief, as summarized below. Just 5% of terrorist fatalities occur in OECD countries. It is even possible that no text could get past the veto while maintaining standards of international human rights law. Rachel Woodlock, Antony Loewenstein, Jane Caro, Simon Smart In this extract from the book For. 2. As the article author stated, It does Christianity no favors to claim to be in possession of truth while dealing in lies. The Jewish revolts of 66-73 (Florus imposed a heavy fine on the Temple at Jerusalem and the Jews protested the Roman procurators looting of the land) , and 115-117 (The Jews, who had long felt themselves oppressed by the Greeks instigated a revolt and the Roman emperor dispatched forces to crush the rebellion and punish the Jews ) are clearly characterised in the body as religious, yet dont appear in the index under the heading Religious Wars. With respect to risks that can trigger conflict, high inequalities between groups, such as in politics, economics, security, justice, and social services, can intensify grievances and lead to conflict.26Henk-Jan Brinkman, Larry Attree, and Saa Hezir, Addressing Horizontal Inequalities as Drivers of Conflict in the Post-2015 Development Agenda, Saferworld, 2013, https://gsdrc.org/document-library/addressing-horizontal-inequalities-as-drivers-of-conflict-in-the-post-2015-development-agenda/. The Crusades: 6,000,000 Thirty Years War: 11,500,000 French Wars of Religion: 4,000,000 Second Sudanese Civil War: 2,000,000 Lebanese Civil War: 250,000 Muslim Conquests of India: 80,000,000 UN Human Rights Council, Resolution 22/31, A/HRC/RES/22/31, March 22, 2013. I searched the PDF for "religion." It appeared 201 times. Church never fought wars directly. In the 1981 UN Declaration, the General Assembly asserted that the disregard and infringement of human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular of the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or whatever belief, have brought, directly or indirectly, wars and great suffering to mankind.35Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief in UN General Assembly, Resolution 36/55, A/RES/36/55, November 25, 1981, para. Of the different types of government force related to religion or belief, government-caused property damage showed the greatest spread, reported in 69 countries in 2018 compared to only seven in 2007. However, all of these major wars are not necessarily consideredbellum sacrum, or holy wars (Tyerman 2004).From a list of 1,763 wars, only 123 have actually been classified to involve a religious cause, accounting for less than 7 percent of all wars and 2 percent of all people killed . His reply left me without words. This issue brief examines the issue of FoRB through a security lens, considers the impact of the increase in this type of violence, and outlines opportunities for the UN and member states to take action to prevent and counter it. Relying on the index heading for the total number of religious wars would be like relying on yellow pages to identify the total number of pizza restaurants it gives a LOWER bound. Mob violence is also a mounting concern, occurring in 41 countries in 2018 (with resulting deaths in Burundi, the Central African Republic, Ethiopia, India, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia). The index however only lists 14 of them, omitting the war from 1030-1035. Holy Roman Empire Wars Gerald Is Teacher, Book Author And Harry Potter Huge Fan. The Global Terrorism Index gives a score to each country dependent on how affected they are by terrorism. Can we call the Muslim expansion a religious war? It was highly destructive for Muslims and Christians to have a relationship in the Middle Ages. Despite their mutual agreement on the fundamentals of Islam and the teachings of the Quran, these two sects are at odds over who will lead the Muslim community after Muhammads death. According to one reputable source, only 7% of the 1763 recorded wars in history were fought on religious grounds (Encyclopedia of Wars). Members of the two sects have co-existed for centuries and share many fundamental beliefs and practices. Furthermore, these trends overlap with the issue of violent extremism, and could better inform efforts of the sanctions committees and efforts to prevent financing and support to terrorist groups. U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2020%20Factsheet%20-%20UN%20HR%20Mechanisms.pdfFactsheet: UN Human Rights System, October 2020, https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2020%20Factsheet%20-%20UN%20HR%20Mechanisms.pdf, p. 3. "Religious" appeared 216 times. The preceding Byzantine-Muslim war of 830-841 is described in the body as a desire for plunder motivated the Muslims, and this appears in the index as a religious war. It has a religious claim in it, but a claim for the Jewish people as well. But for the countries being attacked it was just another oppressor who happened to push his religion on the conquered land. The absolute number of war deaths has been declining since 1946. War and the Divine: Is Religion the Cause of Most Wars? I think I have to agree to the fact that if someone claims to fight in the name of God, it should be counted as a religious war. We dont know but we have to change frames to see what we are talking about. In "Encyclopedia of Wars," authors Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod document the history of recorded warfare, and from their list of 1763 wars only 123 have been classified to involve a religious cause, accounting for less than 7 percent of all wars and less than 2 percent of all people killed in warfare. David, if Andrew Holt is correct, then isnt it appropriate to confess that your research was inadequate? What percentage of wars have been caused by . If so, Id be glad to see them, so I wont be so foolish and wrong when I tell people religion had little to do with starting wars. The Security Council has taken some actions recognizingreligion as a factor in conflict. killed at least 110 million . Some research also shows that the main conflict risk for interreligious violence is the overlap of other identity markers with religion or belief.28Basedau, Pfeiffer, and Vllers. The decline of the absolute number of battle . China, Pakistan Targeted on Persecution of Religious Minorities at UNSC Meet,. I dont think it is fair to say it is a religious conflict. U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom. Violence carried out by state forces that did not result in death took place in 40 states. Others interviewed for this initiative includeElisabet le Roux, Ani Sarkissian, Lisa Sharland, Mine Yildirim, and Kelsey Zorzi. UN General Assembly, Resolution 73/176, A/RES/73/176, December 17, 2018. The only logical rational conclusion is that the index heading merely states these wars are religious nowhere does it state that This is a comprehensive listing of all the religious wars identified in the body of the encyclopedia. Do you have any data or methods you are using to determine what millions of people in history were thinking in their minds when they were fighting a war? 37 and 38. The Chinese government in particular is actively engaged in mass atrocities targeting predominantly Muslim Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslim communities. 7% isn't even close to a majority. UN General Assembly, Resolution 73/296, A/RES/73/296, May 28, 2019. So the question is was it a religious war or not? It seems to me that there is zero evidence that when Communists in one way or another killed 100 million people, that the soldiers thought they were really doing it for God, or that Nazi soldiers were killing for their strongly held religious beliefs rather than German Nationalism, or that WW1 soldiers were fighting for their various beliefs about Christendom as opposed to their national identity and love of their Kaiser, arch-duke and all that stuff, or that The Civil War wasnt really about things like abolition or restoring the Union, but the Soldiers were really driven to war because of their religious beliefs. Researchers observe a positive correlation between restrictions on FoRB and violent conflict, though there is not strong evidence for causality.18See Matthias Basedau and Johanna Schaefer-Kehnert, Religious Discrimination and Religious Armed Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Obvious Relationship?, Religion, State & Society 47, no. As a result of the spread of French Calvinism, Catherine de Mdicis became more tolerant of the Huguenots, which angered the powerful Roman Catholic Guise family. - KS3 Religious Studies - BBC Bitesize - BBC Bitesize KS3 Is religion a power for peace or does it cause conflict? Aren't the Wars of Religion the bloodiest of all wars?. This section summarizes these major trends to inform policy analysis on how the UN system should respond, examining violence perpetrated by both state and non-state actors. A religious war (or "Holy War", Latin bellum sacrum) is a war caused by, or justified by, differences in religion. It is not. Use of religion or belief for identification of in-groups and out-groups, however, does not mean that the underlying motivations for the conflict are founded in religion or belief. The book lists some wars as (for example) Religion, Sixth and Seventh Wars of these have been counted as two wars, but have only one entry. Examples include attacks against civilians by ISIS in Iraq and Syria, the Taliban in Afghanistan, Al-Shabaab in Somalia, and Boko Haram in Nigeria. Even so Denis, I doubt atheist will still reference this. The devastation of World War I loomed in the background for Americans when war began in Europe in September 1939 and when the United States moved to assist Britain prior to entering the war in December 1941. 1,2,3 says that only about 17% of wars have been purely religious. The reports authors attribute the majority of incidents over the past few years to groups with a religious agenda. But UN action on this issue also comes with important risks that apply to all three bodies. For example, though ethnic conflicts usually incorporate a religious aspect, research shows that the primary causes are often non-religious in nature.25Jonathan Fox, Clash of Civilizations or Clash of Religions: Which Is a More Important Determinant of Ethnic Conflict? Ethnicities 1, no. There is no section of the book where Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod explicitly "categorize" wars as religious or non-religious. Liberal historians agree that wars are caused by conservatives. The authors of the book at bear minimum were deceiving. There were many periods of persecution of Jews in Europe during the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century, religious conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in Japan during the seventeenth-century, Mormons were expelled from Missouri and Illinois in the 1840s, and the Branch Davidian conflagration occurred in the nineteenth. I think it would be appropriate if links to an Encyclopedia of Wars pdf were removed and that suggestions that people find it through free sources also be removed. Both currently and historically, there have been four attitudes towards violence and war and four resulting practices of them within Christianity: non-resistance, Christian pacifism, just war, and preventive war (Holy war, e.g., the Crusades). The UK had the largest number of incidents with 131, while Turkey had the most fatalities (57). Even just a glance at the Religious Wars section of the index shows that it omits Arab Israeli wars. Freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) is a human right, recognized by the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the 1981 Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination Based on Religion and Belief. Ewelina U. Ochab, After Years of Impunity for Mass Atrocities, Nigeria Faces a New Wave of Violence by a Daesh Affiliated Group,, See Matthias Basedau and Johanna Schaefer-Kehnert, Religious Discrimination and Religious Armed Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Obvious Relationship?,. From what I see, they are counted as different wars. Fought after the Protestant Reformation began in 1517, the wars disrupted the religious and political order in the Catholic countries of Europe, or Christendom.Other motives during the wars involved revolt, territorial ambitions and great power conflicts. Following a slight decline in 2018, social violence resulted in one or more deaths in 39 countries, with non-fatal assaults occurring in 66 countries. | Philadelphia Political Agnostics, https://apholt.com/2018/12/26/counting-religious-wars-in-the-encyclopedia-of-wars/, https://www.rbth.com/history/331371-stalin-orthodox-church. No-one can ever claim that he fights a war for christianity, because that claim opposes the teachings of Christ and the example he gave us. . Commission on International Religious Freedom, Annual Report 2020, April 2020, https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/USCIRF%202020%20Annual%20Report_Final_42920.pdf, p. 20. These seems to be an argument from the ability to read minds.. I have that same problem. These actions in the Human Rights Council, General Assembly, and Security Council have all contributed to reinforcing both FoRB generally and efforts against violence based on religion or belief specifically. The second point makes the meme at the top even more inaccurate. He isnt correct I have explained his error see above. People claim that Hitlers war was a religiuos war, because he was baptized a christian. But. 10.1080/1057610X.2013.823761. In 2019, the General Assembly adopted two additional resolutionson violence based on religion or belief. In December 2019, government-fomented mob attacks against those protesting the discriminatory Citizenship (Amendment) Act led to nearly 25 deaths.8U.S. In the past decade, action by theGeneral Assembly haslargely focused on reinforcing Human Rights Council resolutions. Religion-related mass atrocities identified by the Special Rapporteur on FoRB to be of particular concern include violence targeting Muslim communities in the Central African Republic, predominantly Muslim Rohingya communities in Myanmar, and Yazidi communities in Iraq.15Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, A/75/385: Report on Safeguarding Freedom of Religion or Belief for the Successful Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 16 October 2020, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomReligion/Pages/ReportFoRBandSDGs.aspx, para. Any statement that begins, "All X agree. In most categories, violence based on religion or belief has increased significantly in recent years. I am reviewing entries D to Z and will update my findings when complete. The Human Rights Councils credibility as an institution has been undermined by the human rights records of some of its members and its inaction in the face of egregious human rights violations resulting from political interference by its members. Andrew Holt "It is somewhat trite, but nevertheless sadly true, to say that more wars have been waged, more people killed, and these days more evil perpetrated in the name of religion than by any other institutional force in human history." . The General Assemblys effort to reinforce the 16/18 agenda by enshrining it in a General Assembly resolution lent added credibility to the agenda. Syria (with millions killed or displaced), Afghanistan, Nigeria, Somalia, and Yemen (with hundreds of thousands killed or displaced), and. Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, A/75/385, para. In the same year, the governments of Eritrea, Iran, Iraq, Rwanda, Syria, and Uzbekistan were each responsible for between approximately 1,000 and 10,000 incidents of force against religious or belief communities. The Human Rights Council readopts the 16/18 action points and the request for reporting by the High Commissioner for Human Rights in an annual resolution. The governments of China, Myanmar, and Turkey have used widespread force against religious or belief minorities, with each of the three responsible for over 10,000 recorded incidents of force based on religion or belief in 2018 alone. India is a prominent concern, with recent mob attacks resulting in mass deaths. Everything You Need to Know About The Pros and Cons of Using Disposable Vapes, Mandatory Or Not?
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